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High-potency cannabis and the risk of psychosis
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Background: People who use cannabis have an increased risk of psychosis an effect attributed to the active ingredient δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). There has recently been concern over an increase in the concentration of Δ9-THC in the cannabis available in many countries. Aims: To investigate whether people with a first episode of psychosis were particularly likely to use high-potency cannabis. Method: We collected information on cannabis use from 280 cases presenting with a first episode of psychosis to the South London & Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, and from 174 healthy controls recruited from the local population. Results: There was no significant difference between cases and controls in whether they had ever taken cannabis, or age at first use. However, those in the cases group were more likely to be current daily users (OR = 6.4) and to have smoked cannabis for more than 5 years (OR = 2.1). Among those who used cannabis, 78% of the cases group used high-potency cannabis (sinsemilla, ‘skunk’) compared with 37% of the control group (OR 6.8). Conclusions: The finding that people with a first episode of psychosis had smoked higher-potency cannabis, for longer and with greater frequency, than a healthy control group is consistent with the hypothesis that Δ9-THC is the active ingredient increasing risk of psychosis. This has important public health implications, given the increased availability and use of high-potency cannabis.
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“We provide a weak recommendation against the use of cannabinoids in neuropathic pain, mainly because of negative results, potential misuse, abuse, diversion and long term mental health risks particularly in susceptible individuals.66–71”
From Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2015) · cites this paper as [66]
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Self-citationCannabis: a multifaceted plant with endless potentials
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Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids in Psychosis
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Non-Smoker Exposure to Secondhand Cannabis Smoke. I. Urine Screening and Confirmation Results
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Metadata
- Authors
- Di Forti, M., Morgan, C., Dazzan, P., Pariante, C., Mondelli, V., Marques, T. R., Handley, R., Luzi, S., Russo, M., Paparelli, A., Butt, A., Stilo, S. A., Wiffen, B., Powell, J., & Murray, R. M.
- Affiliations
- Springfield University Hospital (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 195
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 488-491
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- PMC
- PMC2801827
- OpenAlex
- W2104532446
- Cited by
- 567
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 25.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- King's College London
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
- Keywords
- high-potency cannabis, psychosis, first-episode psychosis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabis use, daily cannabis use, public health implications
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Cannabis, Female, Humans, London, Male, Marijuana Smoking, Middle Aged, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Risk Factors, Dronabinol, Case-Control Studies, Young Adult
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