Should psychiatrists be more cautious about the long-term prophylactic use of antipsychotics?
Open accessAbstract
Summary Patients who recover from an acute episode of psychosis are frequently prescribed prophylactic antipsychotics for many years, especially if they are diagnosed as having schizophrenia. However, there is a dearth of evidence concerning the long-term effectiveness of this practice, and growing concern over the cumulative effects of antipsychotics on physical health and brain structure. Although controversy remains concerning some of the data, the wise psychiatrist should regularly review the benefit to each patient of continuing prophylactic antipsychotics against the risk of side-effects and loss of effectiveness through the development of supersensitivity of the dopamine D2 receptor. Psychiatrists should work with their patients to slowly reduce the antipsychotic to the lowest dose that prevents the return of distressing symptoms. Up to 40% of those whose psychosis remits after a first episode should be able to achieve a good outcome in the long term either with no antipsychotic medication or with a very low dose.
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The risk of relapse after a second episode of psychosis is high.
“As the risk of relapse after a second episode is high, most clinicians would recommend long-term treatment.6”
From Stopping and switching antipsychotic drugs (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
In “Do antipsychotics improve long-term outcomes?” (page unavailable), the paper reports greater relapse likelihood after antipsychotic discontinuation and acknowledges that maintenance treatment reduces relapse risk for up to two years. It does not identify relapse risk specifically after a second episode as high. The Abstract (page unavailable) says long-term prophylactic treatment is frequently prescribed, but the paper questions the evidence for its long-term effectiveness. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredUp to 40% of patients who have experienced a single episode of psychosis may remain well after stopping their antipsychotics or at least require only low doses.
“Up to 40% of patients who have experienced a single episode of psychosis may remain well after stopping their antipsychotics or at least require only low doses.6”
From Stopping and switching antipsychotic drugs (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Murray, R. M., Quattrone, D., Natesan, S., van Os, J., Nordentoft, M., Howes, O., Di Forti, M., & Taylor, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Murray, Robin M.
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 209
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 361-365
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2546788800
- Cited by
- 244
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 4.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.) (submittedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Sunovion
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0512-10110, RP-PG-0606-1049)
- Lundbeckfonden (R155-2014-1724)
- Servier
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre
- Medical Research Council (MR/M008436/1, MR/K004867/1, MR/K013807/1, MR/N026063/1)
- Menzies Centre for Australian Studies, King's College London, University of London
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, psychosis remission, antipsychotic adverse effects, brain structure, dose reduction, maintenance pharmacotherapy, first-episode psychosis
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Antipsychotic Agents, Secondary Prevention
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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