Old Acetogens, New Light

Drake, Harold L.; Gößner, Anita S.; Daniel, Steven L.

doi:10.1196/annals.1419.016

Cited by 578Microbial metabolism and enzyme functionAnaerobic Digestion and Biogas ProductionMicrobial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation

Old Acetogens, New Light

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Drake, Harold L., Gößner, Anita S., Daniel, Steven L.·2008·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1196/annals.1419.016

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Abstract

Acetogens utilize the acetyl-CoA Wood-Ljungdahl pathway as a terminal electron-accepting, energy-conserving, CO(2)-fixing process. The decades of research to resolve the enzymology of this pathway (1) preceded studies demonstrating that acetogens not only harbor a novel CO(2)-fixing pathway, but are also ecologically important, and (2) overshadowed the novel microbiological discoveries of acetogens and acetogenesis. The first acetogen to be isolated, Clostridium aceticum, was reported by Klaas Tammo Wieringa in 1936, but was subsequently lost. The second acetogen to be isolated, Clostridium thermoaceticum, was isolated by Francis Ephraim Fontaine and co-workers in 1942. C. thermoaceticum became the most extensively studied acetogen and was used to resolve the enzymology of the acetyl-CoA pathway in the laboratories of Harland Goff Wood and Lars Gerhard Ljungdahl. Although acetogenesis initially intrigued few scientists, this novel process fostered several scientific milestones, including the first (14)C-tracer studies in biology and the discovery that tungsten is a biologically active metal. The acetyl-CoA pathway is now recognized as a fundamental component of the global carbon cycle and essential to the metabolic potentials of many different prokaryotes. The acetyl-CoA pathway and variants thereof appear to be important to primary production in certain habitats and may have been the first autotrophic process on earth and important to the evolution of life. The purpose of this article is to (1) pay tribute to those who discovered acetogens and acetogenesis, and to those who resolved the acetyl-CoA pathway, and (2) highlight the ecology and physiology of acetogens within the framework of their scientific roots.

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The Wood-Ljungdahl pathway is the only linear CO2 fixation pathway to acetyl-CoA and is considered the most efficient non-photosynthetic carbon fixation mechanism.
“The WLP, also known as the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway, is the only linear CO2 fixation pathway to acetyl-CoA (Drake et al., 2008) and considered as the most efficient non-photosynthetic carbon fixation mechanism (Fast and Papoutsakis, 2012).”
From Gas Fermentation—A Flexible Platform for Commercial Scale Production of Low-Carbon-Fuels and Chemicals from Waste and Renewable Feedstocks (2016) · cites this paper as Drake et al., 2008

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Methane formation from fructose by syntrophic associations of Acetobacterium woodii and different strains of methanogens
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A STUDY OF CARBON DIOXIDE FIXATION BY MASS DETERMINATION OF THE TYPES OF C13-ACETATE
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Acetoanaerobium noterae gen. nov., sp. nov.: an Anaerobic Bacterium That Forms Acetate from H2 and CO2
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Fermentation of fumarate and L-malate by Clostridium formicoaceticum
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Development of a minimally defined medium for the acetogen Clostridium thermoaceticum
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Physiological Ecology of Clostridium glycolicum RD-1, an Aerotolerant Acetogen Isolated from Sea Grass Roots
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Formation of Dimethylsulfide and Methanethiol from Methoxylated Aromatic Compounds and Inorganic Sulfide by Newly Isolated Anaerobic Bacteria
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Cytochrome bd Oxidase, Oxidative Stress, and Dioxygen Tolerance of the Strictly Anaerobic Bacterium Moorella thermoacetica
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Microbial H2/CO2 acetogenesis in animal guts: nature and nutritional significance
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The Eastern and Western branches of the Wood/Ljungdahl pathway: how the East and West were won
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Effect of nitrate on the autotrophic metabolism of the acetogens Clostridium thermoautotrophicum and Clostridium thermoaceticum
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Clostridium akagii sp. nov. and Clostridium acidisoli sp. nov.: acid-tolerant, N2-fixing clostridia isolated from acidic forest soil and litter.
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Clostridium magnum sp. nov., a non-autotrophic homoacetogenic bacterium
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Sporomusa malonica sp. nov., a homoacetogenic bacterium growing by decarboxylation of malonate or succinate
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Nitrate as a preferred electron sink for the acetogen Clostridium thermoaceticum
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Sporomusa silvacetica sp. nov., an Acetogenic Bacterium Isolated from Aggregated Forest Soil
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Natroniella acetigena gen. nov. sp. nov., an Extremely Haloalkaliphilic, Homoacetic Bacterium: A New Member of Haloanaerobiales
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Hydrogenase
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Fermentative degradation of nonionic surfactants and polyethylene glycol by enrichment cultures and by pure cultures of homoacetogenic and propionate-forming bacteria
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Characterization of Two Subsurface H 2 -Utilizing Bacteria, Desulfomicrobium hypogeium sp. nov. and Acetobacterium psammolithicum sp. nov., and Their Ecological Roles
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Diversity, Ecology, and Isolation of Acetogenic Bacteria
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Structure and function of a menaquinone involved in electron transport in membranes of Clostridium thermoautotrophicum and Clostridium thermoaceticum
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New species of psychrophilic acetogens: Acetobacterium bakii sp. nov., A. paludosum sp. nov., A. fimetarium sp. nov.
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Clostridium fervidus sp. nov., a New Chemoorganotrophic Acetogenic Thermophile
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Demonstration of hydrogenase in extracts of the homoacetate-fermenting bacterium Clostridium thermoaceticum
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Carbon monoxide-dependent chemolithotrophic growth of Clostridium thermoautotrophicum
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Isolation and Characterization of the Homoacetogenic Thermophilic Bacterium Moorella glycerini sp. nov.
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Acetogenesis at Low Temperature
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Five-Gene Cluster in Clostridium thermoaceticum Consisting of Two Divergent Operons Encoding Rubredoxin Oxidoreductase- Rubredoxin and Rubrerythrin–Type A Flavoprotein– High-Molecular-Weight Rubredoxin
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Novel Physiological Features of Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans and Thermoterrabacterium ferrireducens
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Archaeoglobus fulgidus couples CO oxidation to sulfate reduction and acetogenesis with transient formate accumulation
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Tungsten, a component of active formate dehydrogenase from Clostridium thermoaceticum
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Formate-Dependent Growth and Homoacetogenic Fermentation by a Bacterium from Human Feces: Description of Bryantella formatexigens gen. nov., sp. nov
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Methanol utilization by a novel thermophilic homoacetogenic bacterium, Moorella mulderi sp. nov., isolated from a bioreactor
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Demethylation and degradation of phenylmethylethers by the sulfide-methylating homoacetogenic bacterium strain TMBS 4
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HEAVY CARBON AS A TRACER IN BACTERIAL FIXATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE
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The synthesis of acetyl-CoA by Clostridium thermoaceticum from carbon dioxide, hydrogen, coenzyme A and methyltetrahydrofolate
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Hydrogen utilization by clostridia in sewage sludge
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The Evolution of Acetyl-CoA Synthase
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Ethanol production from H2 and CO2 by a newly isolated thermophilic bacterium, Moorella sp. HUC22-1
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Acetobacterium wieringae sp. nov., a new species producing acetic acid from molecular hydrogen and carbon dioxide
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Biological production of alcohols from coal through indirect liquefaction
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Folate Cross-Feeding Supports Symbiotic Homoacetogenic Spirochetes
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Role of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase in the autotrophic pathway used by acetogenic bacteria.
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Sporomusa aerivorans sp. nov., an oxygen-reducing homoacetogenic bacterium from the gut of a soil-feeding termite
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Purification and characterization of the F1-ATPase from Clostridium thermoaceticum
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Natronoincola histidinovorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a New Alkaliphilic Acetogenic Anaerobe
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Isolation and characterization ofSporomusa acidovorans sp. nov., a methylotrophic homoacetogenic bacterium
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Thermicanus aegyptius gen. nov., sp. nov., Isolated from Oxic Soil, a Fermentative Microaerophile That Grows Commensally with the Thermophilic Acetogen Moorella thermoacetica
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Fermentation of 2-methoxyethanol by Acetobacterium malicum sp. nov. and Pelobacter venetianus
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Purification of the nickel protein carbon monoxide dehydrogenase of Clostridium thermoaceticum
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Acetate synthesis from 2 CO2 in acetogenic bacteria: is carbon monoxide an intermediate?
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New isolation of Clostridium aceticum (Wieringa)
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Isolation of a Strain of Clostridium thermoaceticum Capable of Growth and Acetic Acid Production at pH 4.5
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Expression of an aromatic-dependent decarboxylase which provides growth-essential CO2 equivalents for the acetogenic (Wood) pathway of Clostridium thermoaceticum
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Electron transport and electrochemical proton gradient in membrane vesicles of Clostridium thermoautotrophicum
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Fumarate dissimilation and differential reductant flow by Clostridium formicoaceticum and Clostridium aceticum
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H 2 -CO 2 -Dependent Anaerobic O-Demethylation Activity in Subsurface Sediments and by an Isolated Bacterium
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Biotransformations of carboxylated aromatic compounds by the acetogen Clostridium thermoaceticum: generation of growth-supportive CO2 equivalents under CO2-limited conditions
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Tindallia californiensis sp. nov., a new anaerobic, haloalkaliphilic, spore-forming acetogen isolated from Mono Lake in California
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Sporomusa paucivorans sp. nov., a Methylotrophic Bacterium That Forms Acetic Acid from Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide
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Eubacterium aggreganssp. nov., a New Homoacetogenic Bacterium from Olive Mill Wastewater Treatment Digestor
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Novel strains of Moorella thermoacetica form unusually heat-resistant spores
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Differential effects of sodium on hydrogen- and glucose-dependent growth of the acetogenic bacterium Acetogenium kivui
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Acetobacterium tundrae sp. nov., a new psychrophilic acetogenic bacterium from tundra soil
Simankova, M. V., Kotsyurbenko, O. R., Stackebrandt, E. S., Kostrikina, N. A., Lysenko, A. M., Osipov, G. A., & Nozhevnikova, A. N. (2000) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s002030000229 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Characterization of a new propionic acid bacterium that ferments ethanol and displays a growth factor-dependent association with a Gram-negative homoacetogen
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A new H2/CO2-using acetogenic bacterium from the rumen: Description of Ruminococcus schinkii sp. nov.
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Carbonic anhydrase in Acetobacterium woodii and other acetogenic bacteria
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Bioconversion of Cellulose to Acetate with Pure Cultures of Ruminococcus albus and a Hydrogen-Using Acetogen
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Oxalate- and Glyoxylate-Dependent Growth and Acetogenesis by Clostridium thermoaceticum
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Acetogenesis from H2 and CO2 by methane- and non-methane-producing human colonic bacterial communities
Bernalier, A., Lelait, M., Rochet, V., Grivet, J., Gibson, G. R., & Durand, M. (1996) · FEMS Microbiology Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.1996.tb00212.x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase Sequences from Salt Marsh Plant Roots Reveal a Diversity of Acetogenic Bacteria and Other Bacterial Functional Groups
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Metabolism and energy generation in homoacetogenic clostridia
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A Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacterium That Utilizes O -Methyl Substituents of Aromatic Acids
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Effect of CO2 on the fermentation capacities of the acetogen Peptostreptococcus productus U-1
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Isolation and characterization of a carbon monoxide utilizing strain of the acetogen Peptostreptococcus productus
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METHYL‐VITAMIN B12 AS A SOURCE OF METHYL GROUPS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF ACETATE BY CELL‐FREE EXTRACTS OF CLOSTRIDIUM THERMOACETICUM
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Recovery of Organic Acids from Fermentation Broths
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Enumeration and metabolic product profiles of the anaerobic microflora in the mineral soil and litter of a beech forest
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Enumeration of H2-utilizing methanogenic archaea, acetogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria from human feces
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Production of Acetic Acid by Clostridium thermoaceticum
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Community‐Level Analysis: Key Genes of CO2‐Reductive Acetogenesis
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Re-examination of thee metabolic potentials of the acetogensClostridium aceticumandClostridium formicoaceticum: chemolithoautotrophic and aromatic-dependent growth
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H2/CO2Metabolism in Acetogenic Bacteria Isolated From the Human Colon
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Authors: Drake, H. L., Gößner, A. S., & Daniel, S. L.
Affiliations: University of Bayreuth (DE)
Eastern Illinois University (US)
Corresponding author: Drake, Harold L.
ORCID: Drake, Harold L.
Daniel, Steven L.
Venue: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2008-03
Volume: 1125
Issue: 1
Pages: 100-128
ISSN: 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
1749-6632
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1419.016
OpenAlex: W2077787127
Cited by: 578
References: 255
Citations by year: 2026: 26 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 25
FWCI: 1.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
thekeep.eiu.edu
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 25 d)
Locations: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
The Keep (Eastern Illinois University) (submittedVersion)
Journal of Collective Bargaining in the Academy (submittedVersion)
Funders: Wageningen University and Research
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial metabolism and enzyme function
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation
Keywords: acetogenic bacteria, acetogenesis, CO2 fixation, Clostridium thermoaceticum, Clostridium aceticum, tungsten enzymes, carbon cycle, autotrophic metabolism, origin of life
MeSH terms: Acetyl Coenzyme A, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Radioisotopes, Clostridium, Energy Metabolism, Oxidation-Reduction, Phylogeny, Wood, Evolution, Molecular

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