Cited by 915Lung Cancer Treatments and MutationsLung Cancer Diagnosis and TreatmentLung Cancer Research Studies

American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update on Chemotherapy for Stage IV Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Open access
Azzoli, Christopher G., Baker, Sherman, Temin, Sarah, Pao, William, Aliff, Timothy, Brahmer, Julie, Johnson, David H., Laskin, Janessa L. +11 more·2009·Journal of Clinical Oncology

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to provide updated recommendations for the treatment of patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer. A literature search identified relevant randomized trials published since 2002. The scope of the guideline was narrowed to chemotherapy and biologic therapy. An Update Committee reviewed the literature and made updated recommendations. One hundred sixty-two publications met the inclusion criteria. Recommendations were based on treatment strategies that improve overall survival. Treatments that improve only progression-free survival prompted scrutiny of toxicity and quality of life. For first-line therapy in patients with performance status of 0 or 1, a platinum-based two-drug combination of cytotoxic drugs is recommended. Nonplatinum cytotoxic doublets are acceptable for patients with contraindications to platinum therapy. For patients with performance status of 2, a single cytotoxic drug is sufficient. Stop first-line cytotoxic chemotherapy at disease progression or after four cycles in patients who are not responding to treatment. Stop two-drug cytotoxic chemotherapy at six cycles even in patients who are responding to therapy. The first-line use of gefitinib may be recommended for patients with known epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation; for negative or unknown EGFR mutation status, cytotoxic chemotherapy is preferred. Bevacizumab is recommended with carboplatin-paclitaxel, except for patients with certain clinical characteristics. Cetuximab is recommended with cisplatin-vinorelbine for patients with EGFR-positive tumors by immunohistochemistry. Docetaxel, erlotinib, gefitinib, or pemetrexed is recommended as second-line therapy. Erlotinib is recommended as third-line therapy for patients who have not received prior erlotinib or gefitinib. Data are insufficient to recommend the routine third-line use of cytotoxic drugs. Data are insufficient to recommend routine use of molecular markers to select chemotherapy.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1200/jco.2009.23.5622

Cites

216 of 217 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 218 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Azzoli, C. G., Baker, S., Temin, S., Pao, W., Aliff, T., Brahmer, J., Johnson, D. H., Laskin, J. L., Masters, G., Milton, D., Nordquist, L., Pfister, D. G., Piantadosi, S., Schiller, J. H., Smith, R., Smith, T. J., Strawn, J. R., Trent, D., & Giaccone, G.
Affiliations
American Society of Clinical Oncology (US)
Venue
Journal of Clinical Oncology
Published
2009-12-20
Volume
27
Issue
36
Pages
6251-6266
ISSN
  • 0732-183X (ISSN-L)
  • 1527-7755
OpenAlex
W2119366998
Cited by
915
References
218
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 89 · 2014: 111 · 2013: 128 · 2012: 119
FWCI
90.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Oncology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Lung Cancer Research Studies
Keywords
stage IV non-small cell lung cancer, chemotherapy, first-line therapy, second-line therapy, third-line therapy, gefitinib, erlotinib, bevacizumab, carboplatin-paclitaxel, cetuximab, docetaxel, EGFR mutation, platinum-based doublets, overall survival, progression-free survival, treatment toxicity
MeSH terms
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Neoplasm Staging

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review