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A Model of the Development of Frontal Lobe Functioning: Findings From a Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Although past research has provided an initial examination of maturational trends of frontal lobe functioning, it has not yielded a unifying developmental model. The purpose of this study was to generate a model representing the maturation of frontal lobe function as determined principally through neuropsychological tests. A meta-analytic review of the literature on the development of frontal lobe functioning was conducted. Journal articles were identified through an initial search of PsycInfo, Medline, and ERIC for the years 1984-2004 using key words executive function*, frontal function*, development*, and age. Analyses of effect size differences across age groups assisted in determining the developmental patterns for commonly used measures of frontal functioning by providing a common metric of growth. Age-related increases across the different frontal functions were averaged providing overall age-related increases in performance. A plot was made of the development of frontal lobe functioning using the mean effect size of change in performance across age groups. The model of the development of frontal lobe functioning suggests a staging of development that begins in early childhood with the maturation of frontal functioning and continues, although at a decreased rate, into adolescence and early adulthood.
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“Improvements in inhibition are particularly evident in preschool, but also increase between ages 5 and 8 and continue into early adulthood (Romine and Reynolds, 2005).”
From Assessment of executive functions in school-aged children: A narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as Romine and Reynolds, 2005
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“Finally, it has been suggested that some aspects of EF may mature during adolescence (e.g., inhibition of perseveration), while others may not mature until early adulthood (e.g., verbal fluency; Romine and Reynolds 2005).”
From Executive Function Deficits in Daily Life Prospectively Predict Increases in Depressive Symptoms (2014) · cites this paper as Romine and Reynolds 2005
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Metadata
- Authors
- Romine, C. B., & Reynolds, C. R.
- Affiliations
- Texas A&M University (US)
- ORCID
- Reynolds, Cecil R.
- Venue
- Applied Neuropsychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2005-12
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 190-201
- ISSN
- 0908-4282 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-4826
- OpenAlex
- W1975355938
- Cited by
- 526
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 0.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Applied Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- frontal lobe development, executive function, frontal lobe function, brain maturation, developmental model, age-related cognitive change, neuropsychological assessment, early childhood, adolescence, early adulthood
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Neuropsychological Tests
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