The Somatogenic Hormones and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1: Stimulators of Lymphopoiesis and Immune Function
Abstract
I. Introduction II. Local GH Axis in Lymphoid Tissue A. Background: extrapituitary production? B. GH expression C. GH regulation D. GHRs E. GHR signaling III. GH Administration A. Effects on the thymus B. Pattern of GH exposure C. GH and immune function in humans IV. PRL A. PRL expression in lymphoid tissues B. PRL receptors C. Administration of PRL, anti-PRL antibodies, or bromocriptine V. Insulin-like Growth Factors A. Background B. IGF peptides C. Regulation of lymphocyte IGF-I D. IGF receptors on lymphocytes E. IGFBPs VI. Actions of IGF-I A. Bone marrow B. Effects on lymphoid organ size C. Effect of in vivo treatment on lymphocyte number and in vitro function D. Functional effects of IGF-I in vivo: antibody responses E. Immune reconstitution F. Mechanism of action: apoptosis VII. IGF-I in Different Physiological States A. IGF-I in pregnancy B. IGF-I in diabetes C. IGF-I in gastrointestinal disorders D. IGF-I action in polycythemia vera VIII. GH/IGF-I as Antistress Hormones IX. Therapeutic Potential X....
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IGF-1 has mainly pro-inflammatory effects.
“IGF-1 was demonstrated to have mainly pro-inflammatory effects [83,84].”
From Interaction of the endocrine system with inflammation: a function of energy and volume regulation (2014) · cites this paper as [84]
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The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease
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“Insulin-like growth factor-1 Support of innate and adaptive immunity [83,84] Low IGF-1, IGF-1 resistance Cachexia, osteoporosis, immune activation”
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Proliferation of Bone Marrow Pro-B Cells Is Dependent on Stimulation by the Pituitary/Thyroid Axis
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Self-citationKermani, H., Goffinet, L., Mottet, M., Bodart, G., Morrhaye, G., Dardenne, O., Renard, C., Overbergh, L., Baron, F., Beguin, Y., et al. (2012) · Neuroimmunomodulation · doi:10.1159/000328844 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
- Authors
- Clark, R.
- Affiliations
- Genentech (US)
- Corresponding author
- Clark, Ross
- ORCID
- Clark, Ross
- Venue
- Endocrine Reviews
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1997-04-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 157-179
- ISSN
- 0163-769X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7189
- OpenAlex
- W2131263920
- Cited by
- 314
- References
- 278
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 3.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrine Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Keywords
- growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I, lymphocyte development, immune function, thymus, prolactin, growth hormone receptor, IGF receptors, IGF binding proteins, lymphocyte apoptosis, antibody response, immune reconstitution, pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, polycythemia vera, lymphoid tissue
- MeSH terms
- Animals, B-Lymphocytes, Diabetes Mellitus, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Lymphoid Tissue, Models, Biological, Receptors, Somatotropin, Growth Hormone, T-Lymphocytes, Thymus Gland, Signal Transduction, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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