Sleep Enhances the Human Antibody Response to Hepatitis A Vaccination
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The common belief that sleep supports immune defense has received surprisingly little direct experimental support. The antibody response to vaccination provides a valid tool to assess the influence of sleep on adaptive immune functioning in humans, which is also clinically relevant. METHODS: Two groups of healthy humans (N = 19) not previously infected with hepatitis A virus (HAV) were studied. On the night after primary vaccination with inactivated HAV, which took place at 0900 hours, one group had regular sleep. The other group stayed awake, and did not sleep before 2100 hours the following day. HAV antibody titers were measured repeatedly until 28 days after vaccination. Plasma hormone concentrations and white blood cell (WBC) subset counts were determined on the night and day after vaccination. RESULTS: Subjects who had regular sleep after vaccination, displayed a nearly two-fold higher HAV antibody titer after 4 weeks than subjects staying awake on this night (p=.018). Compared with wakefulness, sleep after vaccination distinctly increased release of several immune-stimulating hormones including growth hormone, prolactin, and dopamine (p <.01). Concentrations of thyrotropin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were lowered by sleep (p <.02), whereas sleep only marginally influenced WBC subset counts. CONCLUSIONS: Data suggest that sleep compared with sleep deprivation on the night after vaccination improves the formation of antigen-specific immune defense as reflected by antibody production in humans. Sleep presumably acts by inducing a hormonal environment in secondary lymphoid tissues, enhancing lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation and finally antibody synthesis. Results underscore the importance of sleep for immunocompetence.
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Human volunteers who slept normally in the first night after a single vaccination against hepatitis A, 4 weeks after the vaccination displayed a twofold increase in antigen-specific antibody titers, compared with participants who stayed awake on the first night after vaccination.
“Human volunteers who slept normally in the first night after a single vaccination against hepatitis A, 4 weeks after the vaccination displayed a twofold increase in antigen-specific antibody titers, compared with participants who stayed awake on the first night after vaccination (697).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [697]
Vaccination as an experimental model of infection has been used as a straightforward approach to comprehensively assess effects of sleep on the formation of immunological memory mainly in humans where this approach quite consistently revealed an enhancing effect of sleep on the adaptive immune response and measures of antigenic memory.
“Vaccination as an experimental model of infection has been used as a straightforward approach to comprehensively assess effects of sleep on the formation of immunological memory mainly in humans where this approach quite consistently revealed an enhancing effect of sleep on the adaptive immune response and measures of antigenic memory.”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [697]
Vaccinations with hepatitis A virus and influenza A H1N1 virus in healthy participants appeared not to cause gross sleep changes in the night following vaccination, but there was no comparison of sleep data to a placebo-vaccinated control group.
“Vaccinations with hepatitis A virus (320, 325) and influenza A H1N1 (swine flu) virus (34) in healthy participants appeared to not cause any gross sleep changes in the night following the vaccination, but there was no comparison of sleep data to a placebo-vaccinated control group in these studies.”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [325]
A single night without sleep on the night following vaccination against hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and H1N1 reduces the antigen-specific antibody response to a similar extent.
“Further studies showed that also a single night without sleep on the night following vaccination against hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and H1N1 (swine flu) reduces the antigen-specific antibody response (which reflects immunological memory) to a similar extent (34, 320, 325).”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [325]
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- Authors
- Lange, T., Perras, B., Fehm, H. L., & Born, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Lübeck (DE)
- ORCID
- Lange, Tanja
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 831-835
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2005810962
- Cited by
- 351
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 4.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep, sleep deprivation, hepatitis A vaccine, antibody response, vaccine immunogenicity, growth hormone, prolactin, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, immunocompetence, adaptive immunity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Catecholamines, Female, Hepatitis A, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Immunocompetence, Leukocyte Count, Male, Pituitary Hormones, Anterior, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Thyrotropin, Hepatitis A Vaccines, Hepatitis A Antibodies
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