Coming of age in the Kisspeptin Era: Sex differences, development, and puberty

Kauffman, Alexander S.

doi:10.1016/j.mce.2010.01.017

Cited by 106Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesNeuroendocrine regulation and behaviorRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

Coming of age in the Kisspeptin Era: Sex differences, development, and puberty

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Kauffman, Alexander S.·2010·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

DOI 10.1016/j.mce.2010.01.017PMC PMC2902563

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Abstract

The status of the neuroendocrine reproductive axis differs dramatically during various stages of development, and also differs in several critical ways between the sexes, including its earlier pubertal activation in females than males and the presence of neural circuitry that generates preovulatory hormone surges in females but not males. The reproductive axis is controlled by various hormonal and neural pathways that converge upon forebrain gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, and many of the critical age and sex differences in the reproductive axis likely reflect differences in the "upstream" circuits and factors that regulate the GnRH system. Recently, the neural kisspeptin system has been implicated as an important regulator of GnRH neurons. Here I discuss the evidence supporting a critical role of kisspeptin signaling at different stages of life, including early postnatal and pubertal development, as well as in adulthood, focusing primarily on information gleaned from mammalian studies. I also evaluate key aspects of sexual differentiation and development of the brain as it relates to the Kiss1 system, with special emphasis on rodents. In addition to discussing recent advances in the field of kisspeptin biology, this paper will highlight a number of unanswered questions and future challenges for kisspeptin investigators, and will stress the importance of studying the kisspeptin system in both males and females, as well as in multiple species.

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ARC kisspeptin neurons likely promote pulsatile GnRH and LH release and respond to negative steroid feedback.
“Kisspeptin neurons in the ARC are likely involved in promoting pulsatile GnRH and LH secretion and responding to sex steroid hormone negative feedback1,2.”
From Emerging insights into hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis regulation and interaction with stress signalling (2018) · cites this paper as [2]
Section 2.3 says ARC Kiss1 neurons likely mediate sex-steroid negative feedback and links their activity to GnRH and LH secretion. But Section 4.3 says that although kisspeptin pulses coincide with GnRH pulses, their anatomical source was not determined; the paper does not establish that ARC neurons promote pulsatile GnRH and LH release. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Kisspeptin made in the hypothalamus acts directly on GnRH cells via Kiss1R to drive the reproductive axis.
“Subsequent studies from numerous species have now provided a wealth of information supporting the model that hypothalamic-derived kisspeptin directly activates GnRH neurons via kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1R) to stimulate the reproductive axis (reviewed in 1,2).”
From Emerging insights into hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis regulation and interaction with stress signalling (2018) · cites this paper as [2]
Giving kisspeptin from outside raises blood LH and FSH in rodents, humans, and other species.
“Early experiments determined that exogenous kisspeptin treatment of rodents and other species, including humans, robustly increases circulating LH and FSH levels (reviewed in 1,2).”
From Emerging insights into hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis regulation and interaction with stress signalling (2018) · cites this paper as [2]

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Authors: Kauffman, A. S.
Affiliations: University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author: Kauffman, Alexander S.
ORCID: Kauffman, Alexander S.
Venue: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-08
Volume: 324
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 51-63
ISSN: 0303-7207 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.01.017
PMC: PMC2902563
OpenAlex: W2091973295
Cited by: 106
References: 129
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 1.67
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50HD012303, U54HD012303, R00HD056157)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords: kisspeptin, GnRH neurons, neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction, puberty, sex differences, sexual differentiation of the brain, postnatal development, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, rodents
MeSH terms: Animals, Female, Fertility, Humans, Male, Puberty, Sex Characteristics, Sexual Maturation, Signal Transduction, Tumor Suppressor Proteins

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Coming of age in the Kisspeptin Era: Sex differences, development, and puberty

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