Cited by 608Circadian rhythm and melatoninDiabetes Management and ResearchPancreatic function and diabetes

Roles of Circadian Rhythmicity and Sleep in Human Glucose Regulation

Van Cauter, E.·1997·Endocrine Reviews

Abstract

IN NORMAL man, plasma glucose homeostasis results from a tightly controlled balance between glucose delivery (from the liver in the postabsorptive state and from the gut in the postprandial state) and glucose utilization. Insulin plays a key role in this process by inhibiting hepatic glucose production and by stimulating glucose uptake by insulin-sensitive tissues (mainly skeletal muscle and adipose tissue). Human insulin secretion is a complex oscillatory process, including rapid pulses recurring every 10 to 15 min superimposed on slower oscillations with periods in the range of 90–120 min (1, 2). The so-called counterregulatory hormones, mainly glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol, and GH, are able to increase blood glucose concentrations by stimulating hepatic glucose production and/or inhibiting tissue glucose uptake. The daily secretion of cortisol and GH follows a complex pattern of temporal organization that reflects the control of their pulsatile release by the interaction of circadian rhythmicity (i.e., an endogenous oscillatory signal with a near 24-h period generated in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus) and the sleep or wake state. Cortisol secretion is markedly modulated by circadian rhythmicity while the majority of the daily GH output occurs after the onset of sleep. In the present review, the term “diurnal” will be used to designate temporal variations recurring regularly at a time interval of 24 h, regardless of their underlying causal mechanisms.

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Crossref · 10.1210/er.18.5.716

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  • The model predicts peak OGTT responses during the inactive phase of the 24h cycle when circadian cortisol levels increase, and minimal responses during the active phase when cortisol levels decrease.

    “the model predicts peak responses during the inactive phase of the 24h cycle during which circadian CORT levels increase, and are minimal during the active phase, when CORT levels decrease.”

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Authors
Van Cauter, E.
Venue
Endocrine Reviews
Published
1997-10-01
Volume
18
Issue
5
Pages
716-738
ISSN
0163-769X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2114382885
Cited by
608
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 33
FWCI
0.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Endocrine Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • ORBi (University of Liège) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
  • National Institute on Aging (P01AG011412, AG-11412)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-31842, DK-41814, R01DK041814)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
Keywords
circadian rhythm, sleep, glucose regulation, glucose tolerance, aging, obesity, type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes, diurnal variation, fasting blood glucose, time of day
MeSH terms
Aging, Blood Glucose, Circadian Rhythm, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Homeostasis, Humans, Obesity, Sleep

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