Steroid sulfatase: molecular biology, regulation, and inhibition

Reed, M. J.; Purohit, A.; Woo, L. W. L.; Newman, S. P.; Potter, B. V. L.

doi:10.1210/er.2004-0003

Cited by 524Estrogen and related hormone effectsSteroid Chemistry and BiochemistryProstate Cancer Treatment and Research

Steroid sulfatase: molecular biology, regulation, and inhibition

Reed, M. J., Purohit, A., Woo, L. W. L., Newman, S. P., Potter, B. V. L.·2005·Endocrine Reviews

DOI 10.1210/er.2004-0003

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Abstract

Steroid sulfatase (STS) is responsible for the hydrolysis of aryl and alkyl steroid sulfates and therefore has a pivotal role in regulating the formation of biologically active steroids. The enzyme is widely distributed throughout the body, and its action is implicated in physiological processes and pathological conditions. The crystal structure of the enzyme has been resolved, but relatively little is known about what regulates its expression or activity. Research into the control and inhibition of this enzyme has been stimulated by its important role in supporting the growth of hormone-dependent tumors of the breast and prostate. STS is responsible for the hydrolysis of estrone sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate to estrone and dehydroepiandrosterone, respectively, both of which can be converted to steroids with estrogenic properties (i.e., estradiol and androstenediol) that can stimulate tumor growth. STS expression is increased in breast tumors and has prognostic significance. The role of STS in supporting tumor growth prompted the development of potent STS inhibitors. Several steroidal and nonsteroidal STS inhibitors are now available, with the irreversible type of inhibitor having a phenol sulfamate ester as its active pharmacophore. One such inhibitor, 667 COUMATE, has now entered a phase I trial in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. The skin is also an important site of STS activity, and deficiency of this enzyme is associated with X-linked ichthyosis. STS may also be involved in regulating part of the immune response and some aspects of cognitive function. The development of potent STS inhibitors will allow investigation of the role of this enzyme in physiological and pathological processes.

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Estrone sulfate is the predominant estrogen in circulation for both men and premenopausal women and serves as a biologically inactive reservoir for the generation of active estrogens in target tissues.
“Notably, estrone sulfate is the predominant estrogen in circulation for both men and premenopausal women and serves as a biologically inactive reservoir for the generation of active estrogens in target tissues [40,309,310].”
From Human steroid biosynthesis, metabolism and excretion are differentially reflected by serum and urine steroid metabolomes: a comprehensive review (2019) · cites this paper as [310]
STS is a membrane-bound enzyme on the luminal side of the endoplasmic reticulum and ubiquitously expressed in all human tissues.
“STS is a membrane-bound enzyme on the luminal side of the endoplasmic reticulum (Ghosh, 2007) and ubiquitously expressed in all human tissues (Reed et al., 2005).”
From Intracrine androgen biosynthesis, metabolism and action revisited (2018) · cites this paper as Reed et al., 2005

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Authors: Reed, M. J., Purohit, A., Woo, L. W. L., Newman, S. P., & Potter, B. V. L.
Affiliations: St Mary's Hospital (GB)
University of Bath (GB)
Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd. (M.J.R., A.P., S.P.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, St. Mary’s Hospital, London, W2 1NY, United Kingdom
Corresponding author: Reed, M. J.
ORCID: Potter, B. V. L.
Venue: Endocrine Reviews
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 2005-04-01
Volume: 26
Issue: 2
Pages: 171-202
ISSN: 0163-769X (ISSN-L)
1945-7189
DOI: 10.1210/er.2004-0003
OpenAlex: W2020948060
Cited by: 524
References: 311
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 26
FWCI: 3.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Endocrine Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Imperial College London
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
Keywords: steroid sulfatase, steroid sulfates, enzyme regulation, enzyme inhibition, breast cancer, prostate cancer, estrone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, X-linked ichthyosis, skin, immune response, cognitive function, crystal structure
MeSH terms: Animals, Breast Neoplasms, Coumarins, Enzyme Inhibitors, Estrone, Female, Humans, Models, Molecular, Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent, Sulfonamides, Sulfonic Acids, Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic, Steryl-Sulfatase

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Steroid sulfatase: molecular biology, regulation, and inhibition

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