The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Gray matter differences in patients with functional movement disorders
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore alterations in gray matter volume in patients with functional movement disorders. METHODS: We obtained T1-weighted MRI on 48 patients with clinically definite functional movement disorders, a subset of functional neurologic symptom disorder characterized by abnormal involuntary movements, and on 55 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We compared between-group differences in gray matter volume using voxel-based morphometry across the whole brain. All participants in addition underwent a thorough neuropsychological battery, including the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scales and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. To determine whether confounding factors such as comorbid depression, anxiety, or childhood trauma exposure contributed to the observed structural changes, nonparametric correlation analysis was performed. RESULTS: ≤ 0.05). Volumetric differences did not correlate with measures of disease duration or patient-rated disease severity. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that patients with functional movement disorders exhibit structural gray matter abnormalities in critical components of the limbic and sensorimotor circuitry. These abnormalities may represent a premorbid trait rendering patients more susceptible to disease, the disease itself, or a compensatory response to disease.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“While findings have not been entirely consistent across studies and FND sub-populations, between-group differences in default mode, salience and sensorimotor network areas have been identified in a range FND populations compared to controls.45,207,[209][210][211][212]”
From A new science of emotion: implications for functional neurological disorder (2022) · cites this paper as [212]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817
(1970) · Cited by 24,983
Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL
Smith, S. M., Jenkinson, M., Woolrich, M. W., Beckmann, C. F., Behrens, T. E. J., Johansen-Berg, H., Bannister, P. R., De Luca, M., Drobnjak, I., Flitney, D. E., et al. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051 · Cited by 13,630
The assessment of anxiety states by rating
HAMILTON, M. (1959) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x · Cited by 11,455
Selective Cortical Undercutting As a Means of Modifying and Studying Frontal Lobe Function in Man
Scoville, W. B. (1949) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1949.6.1.0065 · Cited by 7,374
A Voxel-Based Morphometric Study of Ageing in 465 Normal Adult Human Brains
Good, C. D., Johnsrude, I. S., Ashburner, J., Henson, R. N. A., Friston, K. J., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (2001) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0786 · Cited by 4,561
Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect
(1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.8.1132 · Cited by 3,577
Permutation inference for the general linear model
Winkler, A. M., Ridgway, G. R., Webster, M. A., Smith, S. M., & Nichols, T. E. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.01.060 · Cited by 3,563
Conscious and unconscious emotional learning in the human amygdala
Morris, J. S., Öhman, A., & Dolan, R. J. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/30976 · Cited by 1,665
Lesions of the human amygdala impair enhanced perception of emotionally salient events
Anderson, A. K., & Phelps, E. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35077083 · Cited by 1,379
Dannlowski, U., Stuhrmann, A., Beutelmann, V., Zwanzger, P., Lenzen, T., Grotegerd, D., Domschke, K., Hohoff, C., Ohrmann, P., Bauer, J., et al. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.10.021 · Cited by 954
Anatomically related grey and white matter abnormalities in adolescent-onset schizophrenia
Douaud, G., Smith, S. M., Jenkinson, M., Behrens, T. E. J., Johansen‐Berg, H., Vickers, J., James, S., Voets, N., Watkins, K. E., Matthews, P. M., et al. (2007) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awm184 · Cited by 781
Who is referred to neurology clinics?—The diagnoses made in 3781 new patients
Stone, J., Carson, A. J., Duncan, R., Roberts, R., Warlow, C., Hibberd, C., Coleman, R. J., Cull, R. E., Murray, G. D., Pelosi, A. J., et al. (2010) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2010.05.011 · Cited by 538
Early Life Stress and Morphometry of the Adult Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Caudate Nuclei
Cohen, R. A., Grieve, S., Hoth, K. F., Paul, R. H., Sweet, L., Tate, D., Gunstad, J., Stroud, L., McCaffery, J., Hitsman, B., et al. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.12.016 · Cited by 439
Functional neuroanatomical correlates of hysterical sensorimotor loss
Vuilleumier, P. O. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.6.1077 · Cited by 420
Emotional stimuli and motor conversion disorder
Voon, V., Brezing, C., Gallea, C., Ameli, R., Roelofs, K., LaFrance, W. C., & Hallett, M. (2010) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awq054 · Cited by 353
Self-citationEdmiston, E. E. (2011) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.565 · Cited by 341
The involuntary nature of conversion disorder
Voon, V., Gallea, C., Hattori, N., Bruno, M., Ekanayake, V., & Hallett, M. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181ca00e9 · Cited by 335
Self-citationEffects of early life stress on depression, cognitive performance and brain morphology
Saleh, A., Potter, G. G., McQuoid, D. R., Boyd, B., Turner, R., MacFall, J. R., & Taylor, W. D. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716002403 · Cited by 301
Phenomenology and psychopathology related to psychogenic movement disorders.
Williams, D. T., Ford, B., & Fahn, S. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 243
Impaired self-agency in functional movement disorders
Maurer, C. W., LaFaver, K., Ameli, R., Epstein, S. A., Hallett, M., & Horovitz, S. G. (2016) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000002940 · Cited by 236
Self-citationSenjem, M. L., Gunter, J. L., Shiung, M. S., Petersen, R. C., & Jack, C. R. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.005 · Cited by 206
Childhood stress, serotonin transporter gene and brain structures in major depression
Frodl, T., Reinhold, E., Koutsouleris, N., Donohoe, G., Bondy, B., Reiser, M., Möller, H.-J., & Meisenzahl, E. M. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.8 · Cited by 200
Emotion-motion interactions in conversion disorder: An FMRI study
Aybek, S., Nicholson, T. R., O’Daly, O., Zelaya, F., Kanaan, R. A., & David, A. S. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123273 · Cited by 183
Neuroanatomic correlates of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: A cortical thickness and VBM study
Labate, A., Cerasa, A., Mula, M., Mumoli, L., Gioia, M. C., Aguglia, U., Quattrone, A., & Gambardella, A. (2012) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03347.x · Cited by 171
Perez, D. L., Matin, N., Barsky, A., Costumero-Ramos, V., Makaretz, S. J., Young, S. S., Sepulcre, J., LaFranceJr, W. C., Keshavan, M. S., & Dickerson, B. C. (2017) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2016-314998 · Cited by 114
The functional neuroimaging correlates of psychogenic versus organic dystonia
Schrag, A. E., Mehta, A. R., Bhatia, K. P., Brown, R. J., Frackowiak, R. S. J., Trimble, M., Ward, N., & Rowe, J. B. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt008 · Cited by 100
Symptom-specific amygdala hyperactivity modulates motor control network in conversion disorder
Hassa, T., Sebastian, A., Liepert, J., Weiller, C., Schmidt, R., & Tüscher, O. (2017) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.004 · Cited by 82
Perez, D. L., Williams, B., Matin, N., LaFrance, W. C., Jr., Costumero, V., Fricchione, G. L., Sepulcre, J., Keshavan, M. S., & Dickerson, B. C. (2017) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2017-316359 · Cited by 77
Grey matter abnormalities in children and adolescents with functional neurological symptom disorder
Kozlowska, K., Griffiths, K. R., Foster, S., Linton, J., Williams, L. M., & Korgaonkar, M. S. (2017) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.028 · Cited by 71
Grey matter changes in motor conversion disorder
Aybek, S., Nicholson, T. R., Draganski, B., Daly, E., Murphy, D., David, A. S., & Kanaan, R. (2012) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2012-304158 · Cited by 70
Dysfunction in emotion processing underlies functional (psychogenic) dystonia
Espay, A. J., Maloney, T., Vannest, J., Norris, M. M., Eliassen, J. C., Neefus, E., Allendorfer, J. B., Chen, R., & Szaflarski, J. P. (2018) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27217 · Cited by 69
Volumetric investigation of brain regions in patients with conversion disorder
Atmaca, M., Aydın, A. M., Tezcan, E., Poyraz, A. K., & Kara, B. (2006) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.01.011 · Cited by 64
Imaging studies of functional neurologic disorders
Aybek, S., & Vuilleumier, P. O. (2016) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801772-2.00007-2 · Cited by 60
A structural MRI study of motor conversion disorder: evidence of reduction in thalamic volume
Nicholson, T. R., Aybek, S., Kempton, M. J., Daly, E., Murphy, D., David, A. S., & Kanaan, R. (2013) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2013-305012 · Cited by 58
A biological measure of stress levels in patients with functional movement disorders
Maurer, C. W., LaFaver, K., Ameli, R., Toledo, R., & Hallett, M. (2015) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.06.017 · Cited by 41
Self-citationImpaired resting vagal tone in patients with functional movement disorders
Maurer, C. W., Liu, V. D., LaFaver, K., Ameli, R., Wu, T., Toledo, R., Epstein, S. A., & Hallett, M. (2016) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.06.009 · Cited by 38
Self-citationInsights into Chronic Functional Movement Disorders: The Value of Qualitative Psychiatric Interviews
Epstein, S. A., Maurer, C. W., LaFaver, K., Ameli, R., Sinclair, S., & Hallett, M. (2016) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/j.psym.2016.04.005 · Cited by 37
Self-citationPaquola, C., Bennett, M. R., Hatton, S. N., Hermens, D. F., & Lagopoulos, J. (2017) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23554 · Cited by 22
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams J. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Patient Edition (SCID-I/P, 1/2007 Revision): Biometrics Res [online]. New York: NYSPI; 2002.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neuroimaging in functional neurological disorder: State of the field and research agenda
Perez, D. L., Nicholson, T. R., Asadi-Pooya, A. A., Bègue, I., Butler, M., Carson, A. J., David, A. S., Deeley, Q., Diez, I., Edwards, M. J., et al. (2021) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102623 · Cited by 216
Self-citationA new science of emotion: implications for functional neurological disorder
Jungilligens, J., Paredes-Echeverri, S., Popkirov, S., Barrett, L. F., & Perez, D. L. (2022) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awac204 · Cited by 164
Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of functional (psychogenic) movement disorders
Baizabal-Carvallo, J. F., Hallett, M., & Jankovic, J. (2019) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2019.02.013 · Cited by 163
Self-citationBègue, I., Adams, C., Stone, J., & Perez, D. L. (2019) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101798 · Cited by 124
Understanding Functional Neurological Disorder: Recent Insights and Diagnostic Challenges
Mavroudis, I. A., Kazis, D. A., Kamal, F. Z., Gurzu, I. L., Ciobica, A. S., Pădurariu, M., Novac, B., & Iordache, A. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25084470 · Cited by 88
Metadata
- Authors
- Maurer, C. W., LaFaver, K., Limachia, G. S., Capitan, G., Ameli, R., Sinclair, S., Epstein, S. A., Hallett, M., & Horovitz, S. G.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2018-11-13
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- e1870-e1879
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- PMC
- PMC6260194
- OpenAlex
- W2897783414
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7
- FWCI
- 4.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- functional movement disorders, gray matter volume, involuntary movements, limbic system, depression, anxiety, childhood trauma, brain structural changes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Brain, Female, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Movement Disorders, Young Adult, Gray Matter
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
