Recent advances in the understanding and management of polycystic ovary syndrome
Open accessAbstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted condition characterized by chronic anovulation and excess ovarian activity, in contrast to other causes of anovulation that involve ovarian dormancy or primary insufficiency. Recent studies indicated that PCOS is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and that women with PCOS are at increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The inflammatory and metabolic derangements associated with PCOS are explained in part by the coexistence of insulin resistance and obesity but are further fueled by the androgen excess. New insights into the regulation of hormones and cytokines in muscle and fat tissue support the concept that PCOS is a systemic syndrome. The therapeutic plan should be tailored to the patient phenotype, complaints, and reproductive desire. Of note, the aromatase inhibitor letrozole seems to be more effective than the reference drug clomiphene citrate to treat infertility due to PCOS. Integral management by a multidisciplinary team may help the patients to adhere to lifestyle interventions and thereby reduce body adiposity and recover their metabolic and reproductive health.
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Weight loss induced by dietary changes reduces androgen levels, insulin resistance, and risk for other complications in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
“In overweight or obese women, weight loss induced by dietary changes reduces the level of androgen, insulin resistance and the risk for other complications [4].”
From Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Improving Metabolic Dysfunctions in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (2024) · cites this paper as [4]
The Metabolism section says that, in overweight or obese patients with PCOS, weight loss through diet and physical activity decreases serum androgen and insulin levels and lowers the risk of glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. It does not specifically say that dietary changes alone reduce insulin resistance; lower insulin levels are not the same measure. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Rocha, A. L., Oliveira, F. R., Azevedo, R. C., Silva, V. A., Peres, T. M., Candido, A. L., Gomes, K. B., & Reis, F. M.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Reis, Fernando M.
- Venue
- F1000Research
- Publisher
- F1000 Research Ltd
- Published
- 2019-04-26
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 565
- ISSN
- 2046-1402 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6489978
- OpenAlex
- W2940491682
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 2.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- F1000Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, anovulation, low-grade inflammation, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, obesity, hyperandrogenism, systemic inflammation, letrozole, clomiphene citrate, multidisciplinary management, lifestyle intervention, adiposity
- MeSH terms
- Letrozole, Clomiphene, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Aromatase Inhibitors
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