Cited by 977Indoor Air Quality and Microbial ExposureFacilities and Workplace ManagementSustainable Building Design and Assessment

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Associations of Cognitive Function Scores with Carbon Dioxide, Ventilation, and Volatile Organic Compound Exposures in Office Workers: A Controlled Exposure Study of Green and Conventional Office Environments

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Allen, Joseph G., MacNaughton, Piers, Satish, Usha, Santanam, Suresh, Vallarino, Jose, Spengler, John D.·2016·Environmental Health Perspectives

DOI 10.1289/ehp.1510037PMC PMC4892924

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Abstract

Background: The indoor built environment plays a critical role in our overall well-being because of both the amount of time we spend indoors (~90%) and the ability of buildings to positively or negatively influence our health. The advent of sustainable design or green building strategies reinvigorated questions regarding the specific factors in buildings that lead to optimized conditions for health and productivity. Objective: We simulated indoor environmental quality (IEQ) conditions in “Green” and “Conventional” buildings and evaluated the impacts on an objective measure of human performance: higher-order cognitive function. Methods: Twenty-four participants spent 6 full work days (0900–1700 hours) in an environmentally controlled office space, blinded to test conditions. On different days, they were exposed to IEQ conditions representative of Conventional [high concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)] and Green (low concentrations of VOCs) office buildings in the United States. Additional conditions simulated a Green building with a high outdoor air ventilation rate (labeled Green+) and artificially elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels independent of ventilation. Results: On average, cognitive scores were 61% higher on the Green building day and 101% higher on the two Green+ building days than on the Conventional building day (p < 0.0001). VOCs and CO2 were independently associated with cognitive scores. Conclusions: Cognitive function scores were significantly better under Green+ building conditions than in the Conventional building conditions for all nine functional domains. These findings have wide-ranging implications because this study was designed to reflect conditions that are commonly encountered every day in many indoor environments. Citation: Allen JG, MacNaughton P, Satish U, Santanam S, Vallarino J, Spengler JD. 2016. Associations of cognitive function scores with carbon dioxide, ventilation, and volatile organic compound exposures in office workers: a controlled exposure study of green and conventional office environments. Environ Health Perspect 124:805–812; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510037

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Figure 1 Average cognitive function scores and standard error bars by domain for the Conventional, Green, and two Green+ conditions, normalized to the Green condition by dividing all scores by the average score during the Green condition.CC0 · PubMed Central

Figure 2 Cognitive function scores by domain and participant and the corresponding carbon dioxide concentration in their cubicles. Each line represents the change in an individual’s CO2 exposure and cognitive scores from one condition to the next, normalized to the average CO2 exposure across all participants during the Green+ conditions.CC0 · PubMed Central

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Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
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Authors: Allen, J. G., MacNaughton, P., Satish, U., Santanam, S., Vallarino, J., & Spengler, J. D.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
SUNY Upstate Medical University (US)
Syracuse University (US)
Corresponding author: Allen, Joseph G.
ORCID: Allen, Joseph G.
MacNaughton, Piers
Satish, Usha
Spengler, John D.
Venue: Environmental Health Perspectives
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published: 2015-10-26
Volume: 124
Issue: 6
Pages: 805-812
ISSN: 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
1552-9924
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1510037
PMC: PMC4892924
OpenAlex: W2412131385
Cited by: 977
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 138 · 2025: 121 · 2024: 121 · 2023: 88 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 107 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 1
FWCI: 26.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: public-domain
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor, 795 d)
Locations: Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion, public-domain)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (T32ES007069)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Architecture › Facilities and Workplace Management
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Sustainable Building Design and Assessment
Keywords: cognitive function, carbon dioxide exposure, indoor ventilation, volatile organic compounds, sustainable construction, indoor environmental quality, office workers, higher-order cognition
MeSH terms: Air Pollutants, Occupational, Carbon Dioxide, Cognition, Humans, United States, Ventilation, Occupational Exposure, Air Pollution, Indoor, Volatile Organic Compounds

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Associations of Cognitive Function Scores with Carbon Dioxide, Ventilation, and Volatile Organic Compound Exposures in Office Workers: A Controlled Exposure Study of Green and Conventional Office Environments

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