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Cited by 64Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlBlood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesCardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention

The Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in Hypertension.

Open access
Amerena, John, Julius, Stevo·1995·Hypertension Research
DOI 10.1291/hypres.18.99
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Abstract

The role of the autonomic nervous system in the genesis and maintenance of hypertension is becoming clearer with time. Early research suggested that increased vascular resistance in hypertension was not dependent on excess autonomic tone and thus it was presumed that the autonomic nervous system had little to do with hypertension. More recent studies have demonstrated that the initial hemodynamic abnormality in hyperkinetic borderline hypertension is "normal" vascular resistance, with an elevated cardiac optput and heart rate, associated with markers of increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic tone of central origin. Over time there is a transition to the high peripheral resistance and normal cardiac output hemodynamic state characteristic of established hypertension, which is due to the development of adaptive structural changes in the peripheral resistance vessels and heart. The autonomic abnormality in hypertension and subsequent vascular and cardiac changes may explain some of association between hypertension and risk factors for coronary heart disease. The autonomic imbalance found in hypertension may not be a chance occurrence and we postulate that it is due to the inheritance of the genes responsible for a more pronounced defense reaction, which in earlier times may have conferred a survival advantage but now permit the negative impact of this trait to become evident.

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  • Excessive sympathetic activation has detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system, contributing to the development of cardiovascular hypertrophy, arrhythmias, and hypertension.

    “Unsurprisingly, excessive sympathetic activation has detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system, contributing to the development of cardiovascular hypertrophy, arrhythmias, and hypertension97.”

    From Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in schizophrenia: impact on cognitive and metabolic health (2021) · cites this paper as [97]

    In “Tendency to Coronary Thrombosis” (page unavailable), the paper says sympathetic stimulation may favor cardiac hypertrophy and that elevated sympathetic tone increases the propensity for arrhythmias. It also proposes that sympathetic overactivity may explain blood-pressure elevation. The claim presents these proposed contributions as established effects, without the paper’s uncertainty. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Cites

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1 of the 117 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. Geisbock W: Die bedeutung der blutdruckmessung fur die praxis. Dtsch Arch Klin Med 1905; 83: 363-374.
  2. Julius S, Ibsen H, Colfer HT: Hemodynamic and pharmacologic correlates of plasma norepinephrine in hypertension, in Ziegler MG, Lake CR (eds); Nor- epinephrine. vol. 2: frontiers of clinical neuroscience. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1984, pp401-409.
  3. Australian National Blood Pressure Study, The Au- stralian therapeutic trial in mild hypertension. Lancet 1980; 1: 1261-1267.
  4. Julius S: Editorial review: the blood pressure seeking properties of the central nervous system. J Hypertens 1988; 6: 177-185.
  5. Kageyama S, Yamamoto J, Mimura A, et al: Com- parison of effects of nicardipine and trichlor- methiazide on insulin sensitivity in hypertensive pa- tients. Am J Hypertens 1994; 7: 474-477.
  6. Saito I, Nishino M, Kawabe, H, et al: Leisure time physical activity and insulin resistance in young obese students with hyperstension. Am J Hypertens 1992; 5: 915-918.

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Authors
Amerena, J., & Julius, S.
Affiliations
University of Michigan (US)
ORCID
Amerena, John
Venue
Hypertension Research
Publisher
Japanese Society of Hypertension
Published
1995
Volume
18
Issue
2
Pages
99-110
ISSN
  • 0916-9636 (ISSN-L)
  • 1348-4214
DOI
10.1291/hypres.18.99
OpenAlex
W2009546233
Cited by
63
References
117
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
FWCI
0.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Hypertension Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Keywords
autonomic nervous system, hypertension, sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system, autonomic imbalance, vascular resistance, cardiac output, heart rate, hemodynamics, coronary heart disease risk, genetic inheritance
MeSH terms
Adult, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Autonomic Nervous System, Coronary Thrombosis, Female, Hemodynamics, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Risk Factors

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