A neural circuit covarying with social hierarchy in macaques
Open accessAbstract
Despite widespread interest in social dominance, little is known of its neural correlates in primates. We hypothesized that social status in primates might be related to individual variation in subcortical brain regions implicated in other aspects of social and emotional behavior in other mammals. To examine this possibility we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which affords the taking of quantitative measurements noninvasively, both of brain structure and of brain function, across many regions simultaneously. We carried out a series of tests of structural and functional MRI (fMRI) data in 25 group-living macaques. First, a deformation-based morphometric (DBM) approach was used to show that gray matter in the amygdala, brainstem in the vicinity of the raphe nucleus, and reticular formation, hypothalamus, and septum/striatum of the left hemisphere was correlated with social status. Second, similar correlations were found in the same areas in the other hemisphere. Third, similar correlations were found in a second data set acquired several months later from a subset of the same animals. Fourth, the strength of coupling between fMRI-measured activity in the same areas was correlated with social status. The network of subcortical areas, however, had no relationship with the sizes of individuals' social networks, suggesting the areas had a simple and direct relationship with social status. By contrast a second circuit in cortex, comprising the midsuperior temporal sulcus and anterior and dorsal prefrontal cortex, covaried with both individuals' social statuses and the social network sizes they experienced. This cortical circuit may be linked to the social cognitive processes that are taxed by life in more complex social networks and that must also be used if an animal is to achieve a high social status.
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In rhesus macaques, individual dominance status correlates with density in some of these areas (n=25).
“and Noonan et al. (2014) have found that individual dominance status correlates with the density in some of these areas (n = 25).”
From Baboons (Papio anubis) living in larger social groups have bigger brains. (2021) · cites this paper as Noonan et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Noonan, M. P., Sallet, J., Mars, R. B., Neubert, F. X., O'Reilly, J. X., Andersson, J. L., Mitchell, A. S., Bell, A. H., Miller, K. L., & Rushworth, M. F. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Noonan, MaryAnn P.
- Mars, Rogier B.
- Neubert, Franz X.
- Andersson, Jesper L.
- Mitchell, Anna S.
- Bell, Andrew H.
- Miller, Karla L.
- Rushworth, Matthew F. S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS Biology
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-09-02
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e1001940
- ISSN
- 1544-9173 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-7885
- PMC
- PMC4151964
- OpenAlex
- W1981625353
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 21.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (100973, 091509/Z/10/Z, 100973/Z/13/Z, 101092/Z/13/Z)
- National Institutes of Health
- Medical Research Council (G0902373, MR/L019639/1, G0800329)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Keywords
- social dominance, social hierarchy, macaque, subcortical structures, amygdala, raphe nuclei, brainstem, hypothalamus, septum, prefrontal cortex, social network size, social cognition, hemispheric lateralization, deformation-based morphometry, functional connectivity
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Brain Mapping, Corpus Striatum, Emotions, Female, Hierarchy, Social, Hypothalamus, Macaca mulatta, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Temporal Lobe, Prefrontal Cortex, Gray Matter, Midbrain Raphe Nuclei
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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