Age-dependent DNA methylation of genes that are suppressed in stem cells is a hallmark of cancer
Open accessAbstract
Polycomb group proteins (PCGs) are involved in repression of genes that are required for stem cell differentiation. Recently, it was shown that promoters of PCG target genes (PCGTs) are 12-fold more likely to be methylated in cancer than non-PCGTs. Age is the most important demographic risk factor for cancer, and we hypothesized that its carcinogenic potential may be referred by irreversibly stabilizing stem cell features. To test this, we analyzed the methylation status of over 27,000 CpGs mapping to promoters of ∼14,000 genes in whole blood samples from 261 postmenopausal women. We demonstrate that stem cell PCGTs are far more likely to become methylated with age than non-targets (odds ratio = 5.3 [3.8–7.4],P< 10−10), independently of sex, tissue type, disease state, and methylation platform. We identified a specific subset of 69 PCGT CpGs that undergo hypermethylation with age and validated this methylation signature in seven independent data sets encompassing over 900 samples, including normal and cancer solid tissues and a population of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (P< 10−5). We find that the age-PCGT methylation signature is present in preneoplastic conditions and may drive gene expression changes associated with carcinogenesis. These findings shed substantial novel insights into the epigenetic effects of aging and support the view that age may predispose to malignant transformation by irreversibly stabilizing stem cell features.
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Loci with age-associated DNA hypermethylation in stem cells are enriched for genes normally repressed by Polycomb repressive complex.
“Interestingly, studies in stem cells have also demonstrated that loci with age-associated DNA hypermethylation are enriched for genes normally repressed by Polycomb repressive complex, the complex that methylates H3K27 (Beerman et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2014; Teschendorff et al., 2010).”
From The Aging Epigenome (2016) · cites this paper as Teschendorff et al., 2010
Genome-wide DNA methylation has been shown to serve as a reliable estimator of age and can predict mortality and lifespan in model organisms.
“and genome-wide DNA methylation has been shown to serve as a reliable estimator of age 59 and can predict mortality 60 and lifespan 61,62 in model organisms.”
From The roles of DNA, RNA and histone methylation in ageing and cancer (2019) · cites this paper as [61]
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- Authors
- Teschendorff, A. E., Menon, U., Gentry-Maharaj, A., Ramus, S. J., Weisenberger, D. J., Shen, H., Campan, M., Noushmehr, H., Bell, C. G., Maxwell, A. P., Savage, D. A., Mueller-Holzner, E., Marth, C., Kocjan, G., Gayther, S. A., Jones, A., Beck, S., Wagner, W., Laird, P. W., Jacobs, I. J., & Widschwendter, M.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Queen's University Belfast (GB)
- Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
- RWTH Aachen University (DE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Genome Research
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2010-03-10
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 440-446
- ISSN
- 1088-9051 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2847747
- OpenAlex
- W2167021978
- Cited by
- 855
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 69 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 64 · 2012: 75
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Genome Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ovarian Cancer Research Fund
- Wellcome Trust
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Public Health Agency (STL/3714/07)
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ca075090-09)
- National Cancer Institute (R01-CA-075090, R01CA096958)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- DNA methylation, aging, Polycomb group proteins, Polycomb target genes, cancer susceptibility, epigenetic aging, promoter hypermethylation, carcinogenesis, preneoplastic conditions, mesenchymal stem cells, postmenopausal women
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Genes, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Stem Cells, Biomarkers, Tumor, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, DNA Methylation, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Gene Silencing, Validation Studies as Topic, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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