The DOI matches its Crossref record; 71 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Rapamycin Reverses Status Epilepticus-Induced Memory Deficits and Dendritic Damage
Open accessAbstract
Cognitive impairments are prominent sequelae of prolonged continuous seizures (status epilepticus; SE) in humans and animal models. While often associated with dendritic injury, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway is hyperactivated following SE. This pathway modulates learning and memory and is associated with regulation of neuronal, dendritic, and glial properties. Thus, in the present study we tested the hypothesis that SE-induced mTORC1 hyperactivation is a candidate mechanism underlying cognitive deficits and dendritic pathology seen following SE. We examined the effects of rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, on the early hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and memory deficits associated with an episode of pilocarpine-induced SE. Rapamycin-treated SE rats performed significantly better than the vehicle-treated rats in two spatial memory tasks, the Morris water maze and the novel object recognition test. At the molecular level, we found that the SE-induced increase in mTORC1 signaling was localized in neurons and microglia. Rapamycin decreased the SE-induced mTOR activation and attenuated microgliosis which was mostly localized within the CA1 area. These findings paralleled a reversal of the SE-induced decreases in dendritic Map2 and ion channels levels as well as improved dendritic branching and spine density in area CA1 following rapamycin treatment. Taken together, these findings suggest that mTORC1 hyperactivity contributes to early hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and memory deficits and dendritic dysregulation associated with SE.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“Consistent with these results, in models of temporal lobe epilepsy there is a reduction in the expression of voltage-gated ion channels including Kv1.1 (30,31,36).”
From Analysis of proteins that rapidly change upon mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) repression identifies parkinson protein 7 (PARK7) as a novel protein aberrantly expressed in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) (2016) · cites this paper as [30]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, epilepsy, which is common in AD and ASD, has enhanced mTORC1 activity (28 -32).”
From Analysis of proteins that rapidly change upon mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) repression identifies parkinson protein 7 (PARK7) as a novel protein aberrantly expressed in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) (2016) · cites this paper as [30]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Modification of seizure activity by electrical stimulation: II. Motor seizure
Racine, R. J. (1972) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(72)90177-0 · Cited by 7,141
Synaptic Pruning by Microglia Is Necessary for Normal Brain Development
Paolicelli, R. C., Bolasco, G., Pagani, F., Maggi, L., Scianni, M., Panzanelli, P., Giustetto, M., Ferreira, T. A., Guiducci, E., Dumas, L., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1202529 · Cited by 4,244
Upstream and downstream of mTOR
Hay, N., & Sonenberg, N. (2004) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1212704 · Cited by 4,181
Prolonged Rapamycin Treatment Inhibits mTORC2 Assembly and Akt/PKB
Sarbassov, D. D., Ali, S. M., Sengupta, S., Sheen, J.-H., Hsu, P. P., Bagley, A. F., Markhard, A. L., & Sabatini, D. M. (2006) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2006.03.029 · Cited by 2,365
The role of inflammation in epilepsy
Vezzani, A., French, J., Bartfai, T., & Baram, T. Z. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2010.178 · Cited by 1,876
Wake, H., Moorhouse, A. J., Jinno, S., Kohsaka, S., & Nabekura, J. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4363-08.2009 · Cited by 1,619
The MAP1 family of microtubule-associated proteins.
Dehmelt (2004) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2004-6-1-204 · Cited by 972
Pten Regulates Neuronal Arborization and Social Interaction in Mice
Kwon, C.-H., Luikart, B. W., Powell, C. M., Zhou, J., Matheny, S. A., Zhang, W., Li, Y., Baker, S. J., & Parada, L. F. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.03.023 · Cited by 970
Translational control of long-lasting synaptic plasticity and memory
Costa-Mattioli, M., Sossin, W. S., Klann, E., & Sonenberg, N. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.10.055 · Cited by 944
Reversal of learning deficits in a Tsc2+/− mouse model of tuberous sclerosis
Ehninger, D., Han, S., Shilyansky, C., Zhou, Y., Li, W., Kwiatkowski, D. J., Ramesh, V., & Silva, A. J. (2008) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1788 · Cited by 882
Pende, M., Um, S. H., Mieulet, V., Sticker, M., Goss, V. L., Mestan, J., Mueller, M., Fumagalli, S., Kozma, S. C., & Thomas, G. (2004) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.24.8.3112-3124.2004 · Cited by 766
Roux, P. P., Shahbazian, D., Vu, H., Holz, M. K., Cohen, M. S., Taunton, J., Sonenberg, N., & Blenis, J. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m700906200 · Cited by 702
Rapamycin prevents epilepsy in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex.
Zeng, L., Xu, L., Gutmann, D. H., & Wong, M. (2008) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21331 · Cited by 639
Jaworski, J., Spangler, S. A., Seeburg, D. P., Hoogenraad, C. C., & Sheng, M. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2270-05.2005 · Cited by 600
Regulation of Dendritic Morphogenesis by Ras–PI3K–Akt–mTOR and Ras–MAPK Signaling Pathways
Kumar, V., Zhang, M.-X., Swank, M. W., Kunz, J., & Wu, G.-Y. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2284-05.2005 · Cited by 588
Zeng, L.-H., Rensing, N., & Wong, M. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0066-09.2009 · Cited by 505
A Behavioral Role for Dendritic Integration
Nolan, M. F., Malleret, G., Dudman, J. T., Buhl, D. L., Santoro, B., Gibbs, E., Vronskaya, S., Buzsáki, G., Siegelbaum, S. A., Kandel, E. R., et al. (2004) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.11.020 · Cited by 487
Acquired Dendritic Channelopathy in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Bernard, C., Anderson, A. E., Becker, A. J., Poolos, N. P., Beck, H., & Johnston, D. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1097065 · Cited by 450
Self-citationZhou, J., Blundell, J., Ogawa, S., Kwon, C.-H., Zhang, W., Sinton, C., Powell, C. M., & Parada, L. F. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5685-08.2009 · Cited by 441
Harada, A., Teng, J., Takei, Y., Oguchi, K., & Hirokawa, N. (2002) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200110134 · Cited by 366
Making synaptic plasticity and memory last: mechanisms of translational regulationPreprint
Richter, J. D., & Klann, E. (2009) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1735809 · Cited by 350
Chen, X., Yuan, L., Zhao, C., Birnbaum, S. G., Frick, A., Jung, W. E., Schwarz, T. L., Sweatt, J. D., & Johnston, D. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2667-06.2006 · Cited by 306
Rapamycin is a neuroprotective treatment for traumatic brain injury
Erlich, S., Alexandrovich, A., Shohami, E., & Pinkas-Kramarski, R. (2007) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2006.12.003 · Cited by 295
Nolan, M. F., Malleret, G., Dudman, J. T., Buhl, D. L., Santoro, B., GIBBS, E., Vronskaya, S., Buzsáki, G., Siegelbaum, S. A., & Kandel, E. R. (2004) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(04)01055-4 · Cited by 274
Spine loss and other dendritic abnormalities in epilepsy
Swann, J. W., Al‐Noori, S., Jiang, M., & Lee, C. L. (2000) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/1098-1063(2000)10:5 · Cited by 268
Activity- and mTOR-dependent suppression of Kv1.1 channel mRNA translation in dendrites
Raab-Graham, K. F., Haddick, P. C. G., Jan, Y. N., & Jan, L. Y. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1131693 · Cited by 267
Early Deficits in Spatial Memory and Theta Rhythm in Experimental Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Chauvière, L., Rafrafi, N., Thinus‐Blanc, C., Bartoloméi, F., Esclapez, M., & Bernard, C. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4699-08.2009 · Cited by 260
Maletić‐Savatić, M., Lenn, N., & Trimmer, J. (1995) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-05-03840.1995 · Cited by 260
Parsons, R. G., Gafford, G. M., & Helmstetter, F. J. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4209-06.2006 · Cited by 251
Gong, R., Park, C. S., Abbassi, N. R., & Tang, S.-J. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m512524200 · Cited by 249
Rapid astrocyte and microglial activation following pilocarpine-induced seizures in rats
Shapiro, L. A., Wang, L., & Ribak, C. E. (2008) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01491.x · Cited by 242
Buckmaster, P., Ingram, E. A., & Wen, X. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4179-08.2009 · Cited by 239
Buckmaster, P. S., & Lew, F. H. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4852-10.2011 · Cited by 236
Interictal Spikes and Epileptogenesis
Staley, K. J., & Dudek, F. E. (2006) · Epiliepsy currents/Epilepsy currents · doi:10.1111/j.1535-7511.2006.00145.x · Cited by 234
Stoica, L., Zhu, P. J., Huang, W., Zhou, H., Kozma, S. C., & Costa-Mattioli, M. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1014715108 · Cited by 232
Pharmacological inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway suppresses acquired epilepsy
Huang, X., Zhang, H., Yang, J., Wu, J., McMahon, J. J., Lin, Y., Cao, Z., Gruenthal, M., & Huang, Y. (2010) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2010.05.024 · Cited by 231
Cognitive deficits in Tsc1+/−mice in the absence of cerebral lesions and seizures
Goorden, S. M. I., van Woerden, G. M., van der Weerd, L., Cheadle, J. P., & Elgersma, Y. (2007) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21317 · Cited by 230
Jung, S., Jones, T. D., Lugo, J. N., Sheerin, A. H., Miller, J. W., D’Ambrosio, R., Anderson, A. E., & Poolos, N. P. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3605-07.2007 · Cited by 229
Self-citationTanaka, S., Ide, M., Shibutani, T., Ohtaki, H., Numazawa, S., Shioda, S., & Yoshida, T. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.20752 · Cited by 224
Hammond, R. S., Bond, C. T., Strassmaier, T., Jennifer Ngo-Anh, T., Adelman, J. P., Maylie, J., & Stackman, R. W. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4106-05.2006 · Cited by 215
Rapamycin suppresses seizures and neuronal hypertrophy in a mouse model of cortical dysplasia
Ljungberg, M. C., Sunnen, C. N., Lugo, J. N., Anderson, A. E., & D’Arcangelo, G. (2009) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.002386 · Cited by 186
Self-citationTalos, D. M., Sun, H., Zhou, X., Fitzgerald, E. C., Jackson, M. C., Klein, P., Lan, V. J., Joseph, A., & Jensen, F. E. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035885 · Cited by 182
Hailer, N. P. (2007) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.12.001 · Cited by 181
Kainate Seizures Cause Acute Dendritic Injury and Actin Depolymerization In Vivo
Zeng, L.-H., Xu, L., Rensing, N. R., Sinatra, P. M., Rothman, S. M., & Wong, M. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0983-07.2007 · Cited by 158
Involvement of mTOR kinase in cytokine-dependent microglial activation and cell proliferation
Russo, C. D., Lisi, L., Tringali, G., & Navarra, P. (2009) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2009.06.097 · Cited by 158
Lee, H. Y., Ge, W., Huang, W. C., He, Y., Wang, G. X., Rowson-Baldwin, A., Smith, S. J., Jan, Y. N., & Jan, L. Y. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.09.033 · Cited by 153
Epilepsy as a spectrum disorder: Implications from novel clinical and basic neuroscience
Jensen, F. E. (2011) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02904.x · Cited by 142
Dash, P. K., Orsi, S. A., & Moore, A. N. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0671-06.2006 · Cited by 141
A pulse rapamycin therapy for infantile spasms and associated cognitive decline
Raffo, E., Coppola, A., Ono, T., Briggs, S. W., & Galanopoulou, A. S. (2011) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2011.03.021 · Cited by 138
Sunnen, C. N., Brewster, A. L., Lugo, J. N., Vanegas, F., Turcios, E., Mukhi, S., Parghi, D., D’Arcangelo, G., & Anderson, A. E. (2011) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03280.x · Cited by 121
Self-citationFenoglio, K. A., Brunson, K. L., Avishai-Eliner, S., Stone, B. A., Kapadia, B. J., & Baram, T. Z. (2005) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2004-1285 · Cited by 119
Lu, D., Liou, H., Tang, C., & Fu, W. (2006) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2006.06.038 · Cited by 107
Brewster, A. L., Chen, Y., Bender, R. A., Yeh, A., Shigemoto, R., & Baram, T. Z. (2006) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhk021 · Cited by 96
Self-citationMilatović, D., Zaja‐Milatovic, S., Montine, K. S., Horner, P. J., & Montine, T. J. (2003) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02120.x · Cited by 96
Müller, C. J., Bankstahl, M., Gröticke, I., & Löscher, W. (2009) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.07.020 · Cited by 93
Valosin-containing protein and neurofibromin interact to regulate dendritic spine density
Wang, H.-F., Shih, Y.-T., Chen, C.-Y., Chao, H.-W., Lee, M.-J., & Hsueh, Y.-P. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci45677 · Cited by 80
Altered phosphorylation and localization of the A‐type channel, Kv4.2 in status epilepticus
Lugo, J. N., Barnwell, L. F., Ren, Y., Lee, W. L., Johnston, L. D., Kim, R., Hrachovy, R. A., Sweatt, J. D., & Anderson, A. E. (2008) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05508.x · Cited by 76
Self-citationEffects of early seizures on later behavior and epileptogenicity
Holmes, G. L. (2004) · Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/mrdd.20019 · Cited by 75
Sha, L.-Z., Xing, X.-L., Zhang, D., Yao, Y., Dou, W.-C., Jin, L.-R., Wu, L.-W., & Xu, Q. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039152 · Cited by 70
Monaghan, M. M., Menegola, M., Vacher, H., Rhodes, K. J., & Trimmer, J. S. (2008) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.07.057 · Cited by 70
Lang, U. E., Heger, J., Wilbring, M., Domula, M., Matschke, K., & Tugtekin, S. (2009) · Transplantation Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.08.050 · Cited by 68
The mTOR Inhibitor Rapamycin Has Limited Acute Anticonvulsant Effects in Mice
Hartman, A. L., Santos, P. T., Dolce, A. M., & Hardwick, J. M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045156 · Cited by 54
Kv4.2 knockout mice have hippocampal-dependent learning and memory deficitsPreprint
Lugo, J. N., Brewster, A. L., Spencer, C. M., & Anderson, A. E. (2012) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.023614.111 · Cited by 53
Self-citationOliveira, M. S., Skinner, F., Arshadmansab, M. F., Garcia, I., Mello, C. F., Knaus, H., Ermolinsky, B. S., Otalora, L. F. P., & Garrido-Sanabria, E. R. (2010) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.05.095 · Cited by 46
Seizures in early life suppress hippocampal dendrite growth while impairing spatial learning
Nishimura, M., Gu, X. F., & Swann, J. W. (2011) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2011.07.002 · Cited by 44
Rapamycin attenuates aggressive behavior in a rat model of pilocarpine-induced epilepsy
Huang, X., McMahon, J. J., & Huang, Y. (2012) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.04.011 · Cited by 42
Jalava, N., Lopez‐Picon, F. R., Kukko‐Lukjanov, T., & Holopainen, I. E. (2006) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2006.12.001 · Cited by 42
Chachua, T., Poon, K., Yum, M., Nesheiwat, L., DeSantis, K. A., Velı́šková, J., & Velı́šek, L. (2012) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03674.x · Cited by 29
Effects of chronic network hyperexcitability on the growth of hippocampal dendrites
Nishimura, M., Owens, J. W. M., & Swann, J. W. (2007) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2007.08.018 · Cited by 27
Triggering the brain's pathology sensor
Kettenmann, H. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1206-1463 · Cited by 25
Normal spatial and contextual learning for ketamine-treated rats in the pilocarpine epilepsy model
McKay, B. E., & Persinger, M. A. (2004) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2004.02.019 · Cited by 14
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Effect of rapamycin on aging and age-related diseases—past and future
Selvarani, R., Mohammed, S., & Richardson, A. (2021) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-020-00274-1 · Cited by 290
Commonalities in epileptogenic processes from different acute brain insults: Do they translate?
Klein, P., Dingledine, R. J., Aronica, E., Bernard, C., Blümcke, I., Boison, D., Brodie, M. J., Brooks‐Kayal, A. R., Engel, J., Forcelli, P. A., et al. (2017) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.13965 · Cited by 300
Ribosomal Protein S6 Phosphorylation in the Nervous System: From Regulation to Function
Biever, A., Valjent, E., & Puighermanal, E. (2015) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2015.00075 · Cited by 227
Perl, A. (2015) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12756 · Cited by 218
LaSarge, C. L., & Danzer, S. C. (2014) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2014.00018 · Cited by 200
Metadata
- Authors
- Brewster, A. L., Lugo, J. N., Patil, V. V., Lee, W. L., Qian, Y., Vanegas, F., & Anderson, A. E.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Anderson, Anne E.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-03-11
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e57808
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3594232
- OpenAlex
- W2014962014
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 7.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (T32 NS, R01 NS, 43124)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (T32 NS 43124, F32NS056664, R01 NS 39943, T32NS043124, F32 NS 56664, R01 NS49427, R01NS039943, R01NS049427)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Epilepsy research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- status epilepticus, rapamycin, mTORC1 signaling, cognitive impairment, spatial memory impairment, hippocampus, CA1, microglial activation, pilocarpine-induced seizures, dendritic spine density, MAP2, ion channels, neuroprotection
- MeSH terms
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Animals, Dendrites, Disease Models, Animal, Electroencephalography, Gliosis, Hippocampus, Ion Channels, Male, Memory Disorders, Neurons, Phosphorylation, Pilocarpine, Status Epilepticus, Microglia, Maze Learning, Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, Sirolimus, Multiprotein Complexes, Dendritic Spines, Rats, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
