Upregulation of circulating IL-15 by treadmill running in healthy individuals: Is IL-15 an endocrine mediator of the beneficial effects of endurance exercise?

Tamura, Yoshiaki; Watanabe, Keiichi; Kantani, Tomomi; Hayashi, Junichi; Ishida, Nobuhiko; Kaneki, Masao

doi:10.1507/endocrj.k10e-400

Cited by 138Exercise and Physiological ResponsesAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Upregulation of circulating IL-15 by treadmill running in healthy individuals: Is IL-15 an endocrine mediator of the beneficial effects of endurance exercise?

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Tamura, Yoshiaki, Watanabe, Keiichi, Kantani, Tomomi, Hayashi, Junichi, Ishida, Nobuhiko, Kaneki, Masao·2011·Endocrine Journal

DOI 10.1507/endocrj.k10e-400

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Abstract

The beneficial effects of endurance exercise include insulin-sensitization and reduction of fat mass. Limited knowledge is available about the mechanisms by which endurance exercise exerts the salutary effects. Myokines, cytokines secreted by skeletal muscle, have been recognized as a potential mediator. Recently, a role of skeletal muscle-derived interleukin-15 (IL-15) in improvement of fat-lean body mass composition and insulin sensitivity has been proposed. Yet, previous studies have reported that endurance training does not increase production or secretion of IL-15 in skeletal muscle. Here, we show that in opposition to previous findings, 30-min treadmill running at 70% of age-predicted maximum heart rate resulted in a significant increase in circulating IL-15 level in untrained healthy young men. These findings suggest that IL-15 might play a role in the systemic anti-obesogenic and insulin-sensitizing effects of endurance exercise, not only as a paracrine and autocrine but also as an endocrine factor.

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Most studies in both healthy and obese adults have found increased circulating IL-15 immediately following acute bouts of aerobic exercise (e.g., running or cycling at 55-75% of age-predicted maximum heart rate for 30-120 min).
“Most of the studies in both healthy and obese adults have found increased circulating IL-15 immediately following acute bouts of aerobic exercise (e.g., running or cycling at 55–75% of age-predicted maximum heart rate for 30–120 min) [128,129,130].”
From The Role of Exercise in the Interplay between Myokines, Hepatokines, Osteokines, Adipokines, and Modulation of Inflammation for Energy Substrate Redistribution and Fat Mass Loss: A Review (2020) · cites this paper as [128]
The Results and Discussion report increased circulating IL-15 10 minutes after 30 minutes of treadmill running at about 70% of maximum heart rate in untrained healthy adults. The paper does not establish that most studies found this effect, extend the finding to obese adults, or support the full range of exercise durations and intensities stated. Its Additional information section says earlier studies found little or no effect, while noting that they began measuring at one hour after exercise. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Effect of Treadmill Exercise on Interleukin-15 Expression and Glucose Tolerance in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats
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Authors: Tamura, Y., Watanabe, K., Kantani, T., Hayashi, J., Ishida, N., & Kaneki, M.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Wafukai Medical Corporation Tama Rehabilitation Academy, Ome, Japan
Wafukai Tama Rehabilitation Hospital, Ome, Japan
Kyorin University (JP)
ORCID: Tamura, Yoshiaki
Watanabe, Keiichi
Kaneki, Masao
Venue: Endocrine Journal
Publisher: Japan Endocrine Society
Published: 2011
Volume: 58
Issue: 3
Pages: 211-215
ISSN: 0918-8959 (ISSN-L)
1348-4540
DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.k10e-400
OpenAlex: W2053614711
Cited by: 137
References: 18
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 9.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Endocrine Journal (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: American Diabetes Association (7-08-RA-77)
National Institutes of Health (R01 DK05827)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK05827, R01DK058127)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords: IL-15, treadmill running, endurance exercise, myokines, skeletal muscle, serum cytokines, insulin sensitivity, fat mass, body composition, anti-obesogenic effects, hormone signaling, untrained young men
MeSH terms: Adult, Exercise Test, Heart Rate, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Physical Endurance, Running, Up-Regulation, Interleukin-15

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Upregulation of circulating IL-15 by treadmill running in healthy individuals: Is IL-15 an endocrine mediator of the beneficial effects of endurance exercise?

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