Interleukin-15 stimulates adiponectin secretion by 3T3-L1 adipocytes: Evidence for a skeletal muscle-to-fat signaling pathway
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine which is highly expressed in skeletal muscle tissue, and which has anabolic effects on skeletal muscle protein dynamics both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, administration of IL-15 to rats and mice inhibits white adipose tissue deposition. To determine if the action of IL-15 on adipose tissue is direct, the capacity of cultured murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes to respond to IL-15 was examined. IL-15 administration inhibited lipid accumulation in differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and stimulated secretion of the adipocyte-specific hormone adiponectin by differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The latter observation constitutes the first report of a cytokine or growth factor which stimulates adiponectin production. IL-15 mRNA expression by cultured 3T3-L1 adipogenic cells and C2C12 murine skeletal myogenic cells was also examined. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated IL-15 mRNA was expressed by C2C12 skeletal myogenic cells, and was upregulated more than 10-fold in differentiated skeletal myotubes compared to undifferentiated myoblasts. In contrast, 3T3-L1 cells expressed little or no IL-15 mRNA at either the undifferentiated preadipocyte or differentiated adipocyte stages. These findings provide support for the hypothesis that IL-15 functions in a muscle-to-fat endocrine axis which modulates fat:lean body composition and insulin sensitivity.
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IL-15 antagonizes the detrimental actions of TNF-α, considering its antioxidant properties and its ability to stimulate adiponectin release.
“Meanwhile, IL-15 was noted to antagonize the detrimental actions of TNF-α, considering its antioxidant properties [26,87] and its ability to stimulate adiponectin release [86] (6).”
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- Authors
- QUINN, L., STRAITBODEY, L., ANDERSON, B., ARGILES, J., & HAVEL, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- QUINN, L
- ORCID
- HAVEL, P
- Venue
- Cell Biology International
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-06
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 449-457
- ISSN
- 1065-6995 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1985362981
- Cited by
- 199
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 7.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cell Biology International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R03DK058108, DK 50129, DK-58108, DK-17047, R01DK050129, P30DK017047)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Keywords
- IL-15, adiponectin secretion, 3T3-L1 adipocytes, adipogenesis, lipid accumulation, skeletal muscle myotubes, insulin sensitivity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cells, Cultured, Signal Transduction, Adipocytes, Muscle, Skeletal, Interleukin-15, 3T3-L1 Cells, Mice, Rats, Adiponectin
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