FMRI adaptation reveals a cortical mechanism for the coding of space near the hand
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Behavioral studies in humans and electrophysiological recordings in nonhuman primates have suggested the existence of a specific representation of the space immediately surrounding the body. In macaques, neurons that have visual receptive fields limited to a region of space close around a body part have been found in premotor and parietal areas. These cells are hypothesized to encode the location of external objects in coordinate systems that are centered on individual body parts. In the present study, we used an fMRI adaptation paradigm on healthy participants to reveal areas in the anterior part of the intraparietal sulcus, the inferior parietal lobe (supramarginal gyrus), and the dorsal and ventral portions of the premotor cortex that exhibit selective BOLD adaptation to an object moving near the right hand. Crucially, these areas did not manifest adaptation if the stimulus was presented in far space (100 cm) or when the hand was retracted from the object. This hand-centered selectivity could not be detected when a traditional fMRI analysis approach was used. These findings are important as they provide the most conclusive neuroimaging evidence to date for a representation of near-personal space in the human brain. They also demonstrate a selective mechanism implemented by human perihand neurons in the premotor and posterior parietal areas and add to earlier findings from humans and nonhuman primates.
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In humans, the PPS network includes frontoparietal regions and the putamen, and is thought to represent a putative homologue of the premotor-parietal PPS network described in monkeys.
“In humans, neuroimaging studies revealed that PPS network includes frontoparietal regions and the putamen (Brozzoli et al, 2011(Brozzoli et al, , 2012(Brozzoli et al, , 2014;;Bremmer et al., 2001;Cl ery et al., 2015;Gentile et al., 2011;Grivaz et al., 2017;Sereno & Huang, 2006) and is thought to represent a putative homologue of the premotor-parietal PPS network described in monkeys.”
From The Peripersonal Space in a social world (2021) · cites this paper as Brozzoli et al., 2011
The Introduction and Conclusion describe a human premotor–parietal network for space near the hand and suggest a mechanism shared with monkeys. The Results also report an adaptation effect in the right putamen, but only at a lower, uncorrected threshold; the paper does not establish the putamen as part of that network with the same strength as the cortical regions. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHuman fMRI studies focused on the PPS around the hand have demonstrated co-activation of the putamen with the PMV and IPS, suggesting that the PMV-IPS-putamen circuitry may mediate multisensory representations of PPS around the hand.
“Human fMRI studies focused on the PPS around the hand have demonstrated co-activation of the putamen with PMV and IPS, suggesting that the PMV-IPS-putamen circuitry may mediate multisensory representations of PPS around the hand (Gentile et al. 2011; Brozzoli et al. 2011)”
From Neuroanatomical correlates of peripersonal space: bridging the gap between perception, action, emotion and social cognition (2024) · cites this paper as Brozzoli et al. 2011
The ‘Hand-centered representation of visual stimuli revealed by BOLD adaptation’ section reports near-hand visual adaptation in IPS, PMv, and the right putamen, although the putamen result was at an uncorrected threshold. In ‘A spatial representation for hand-object interactions,’ the authors explicitly say they did not investigate multisensory properties. Their findings therefore support the shared near-hand responses, but do not demonstrate that the three-region circuitry mediates multisensory representations. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCerebellar lobule VI has been found to be involved in multisensory integration when stimuli were presented in the peri-hand space.
“The cerebellar lobule VI has also been found to be involved in multisensory integration when stimuli were presented in the peri-hand space (Gentile et al. 2011; Brozzoli et al. 2011).”
From Neuroanatomical correlates of peripersonal space: bridging the gap between perception, action, emotion and social cognition (2024) · cites this paper as Brozzoli et al. 2011
The discussion section says this study did not investigate multisensory properties near the hand; it discusses premotor and parietal regions instead. The results table likewise lists no cerebellar lobule VI finding. Searches for cerebellar lobule VI and peri-hand multisensory integration found no passage in our copy addressing the claimed involvement. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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“…and brainebody interactions In humans, neuroimaging studies revealed that PPS network includes frontoparietal regions and the putamen (Brozzoli et al, 2011, 2012, 2014; Bremmer et al., 2001; Cl ery et al., 2015; Gentile et al., 2011; Grivaz et al., 2017; Sereno & Huang, 2006) and is…”
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Rubber Hands Feel Touch, but Not in Blind Individuals
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Self-citationNeglect: A multisensory deficit?
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Action Planning Modulates Peripersonal Space
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Self-citationListening to a conversation with aggressive content expands the interpersonal space
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“The parietal operculum was also identified as a site of multi-sensory processing of information from the hand (Gentile et al. 2011); this region has been subdivided into four cytoarchitectonic areas (OP1-4), which have been described as a secondary somatosensory area (SII) (Dis-brow et al. 2000).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialInterpersonal Motor Interactions Shape Multisensory Representations of the Peripersonal Space
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- Authors
- Brozzoli, C., Gentile, G., Petkova, V. I., & Ehrsson, H. H.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2011-06-15
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 9023-9031
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6622953
- OpenAlex
- W1988939429
- Cited by
- 182
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 8.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- James S. McDonnell Foundation
- Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- peripersonal space, intraparietal sulcus, supramarginal gyrus, premotor cortex, dorsal premotor cortex, ventral premotor cortex, parietal cortex
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Hand, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Oxygen, Photic Stimulation, Visual Fields, Visual Perception, Young Adult
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