Where is my arm? The relative role of vision and proprioception in the neuronal representation of limb position.
Open accessAbstract
A central problem in motor control, in the representation of space, and in the perception of body schema is how the brain encodes the relative positions of body parts. According to psychophysical studies, this sense of limb position depends heavily on vision. However, almost nothing is currently known about how the brain uses vision to determine or represent the location of the arm or any other body part. The present experiment shows that the position of the arm is represented in the premotor cortex of the monkey (Macaca fascicularis) brain by means of a convergence of visual cues and proprioceptive cues onto the same neurons. These neurons respond to the felt position of the arm when the arm is covered from view. They also respond in a similar fashion to the seen position of a false arm.
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PMVc visual receptive fields are anchored in a reference system centered on the head, trunk, and upper limb together, and are not influenced by eye or body movements.
“Their receptive fields are not influenced by eye or body movements but rather appear to be anchored in a reference system centered on the head, trunk, and upper limb together (Rizzolatti et al. 1981; Gentilucci et al. 1988; Graziano 1999).”
From Neuroanatomical correlates of peripersonal space: bridging the gap between perception, action, emotion and social cognition (2024) · cites this paper as Graziano 1999
Neurons in PMVc respond to tactile, visual, and auditory stimuli.
“Neurons located in PMVc, which is close to the arcuate sulcus in monkeys, exhibit responses to tactile, visual, and auditory stimuli.”
From Neuroanatomical correlates of peripersonal space: bridging the gap between perception, action, emotion and social cognition (2024) · cites this paper as Graziano 1999
For visual stimuli, PMVc neurons prefer objects situated a few centimeters away from the skin (pericutaneous) or within reach.
“When it comes to visual stimuli, these neurons prefer objects situated a few centimeters away from the skin (pericutaneous neurons) or within reach.”
From Neuroanatomical correlates of peripersonal space: bridging the gap between perception, action, emotion and social cognition (2024) · cites this paper as Graziano 1999
Visual information is particularly important for guiding human hand actions.
“visual information is particularly important for guiding human hand actions [31], [32], [33], [34]”
From If I were you: Perceptual illusion of body swapping (2008) · cites this paper as [32]
The reason for this probably relates to the fact that central processing of multisensory signals from the body operates in egocentric reference frames which presupposes the first person perspective.
“The reason for this probably relates to the fact that central processing of multisensory signals from the body operates in egocentric reference frames [18], [30], [32], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43] which presupposes the first person perspective.”
From If I were you: Perceptual illusion of body swapping (2008) · cites this paper as [32]
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“Their receptive fields are not influenced by eye or body movements but rather appear to be anchored in a reference system centered on the head, trunk, and upper limb together (Rizzolatti et al. 1981; Gentilucci et al. 1988; Graziano 1999).”
BackgroundInterpersonal Motor Interactions Shape Multisensory Representations of the Peripersonal Space
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- Authors
- Graziano, M. S. A.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Graziano, Michael S. A.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1999-08-31
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 10418-10421
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC17903
- OpenAlex
- W2083319937
- Cited by
- 500
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 4.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Eye Institute (EY11347, R01EY011347)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Keywords
- proprioception, vision, premotor cortex, body schema, multisensory integration, visual cues, macaque
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arm, Brain, Cues, Macaca fascicularis, Male, Motor Activity, Movement, Neurons, Physical Stimulation, Proprioception, Touch, Vision, Ocular, Visual Perception
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