Small GTPases Rac and Rho in the maintenance of dendritic spines and branches in hippocampal pyramidal neurons
Open accessAbstract
The shape of dendritic trees and the density of dendritic spines can undergo significant changes during the life of a neuron. We report here the function of the small GTPases Rac and Rho in the maintenance of dendritic structures. Maturing pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slice culture were biolistically transfected with dominant GTPase mutants. We found that expression of dominant-negative Rac1 results in a progressive elimination of dendritic spines, whereas hyperactivation of RhoA causes a drastic simplification of dendritic branch patterns that is dependent on the activity of a downstream kinase ROCK. Our results suggest that Rac and Rho play distinct functions in regulating dendritic spines and branches and are vital for the maintenance and reorganization of dendritic structures in maturing neurons.
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The reduced spine formation with IDOL overexpression and increased filopodia with IDOL knockout are reminiscent of phenotypes caused by inactivation or constitutive activation of Rac1, respectively.
“The reduced spine formation observed with IDOL overexpression, and the increased proportion of filopodia with IDOL knockout, are reminiscent of phenotypes caused by inactivation or constitutive activation of the GTPase Rac1, respectively (Nakayama et al., 2000; Zhang and Macara, 2006).”
From The E3 ubiquitin ligase IDOL regulates synaptic ApoER2 levels and is important for plasticity and learning (2017) · cites this paper as Nakayama et al., 2000
Rac1 can positively regulate spine density.
“and that Rac1 could positively regulate spine density (11, 19, 20).”
From AMPA receptor and GEF-H1/Lfc complex regulates dendritic spine development through RhoA signaling cascade (2009) · cites this paper as [19]
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- Authors
- Nakayama, A. Y., Harms, M. B., & Luo, L.
- Affiliations
- Department of Biological Sciences (RU)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2000-07-15
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 5329-5338
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6772334
- OpenAlex
- W1881079438
- Cited by
- 708
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 12.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
- Keywords
- Rac1, RhoA, small GTPases, dendritic spines, dendritic branching, hippocampal pyramidal neurons, dominant negative Rac1, ROCK kinase, dendritic reorganization, neuronal maturation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, Dendrites, Genes, Dominant, Hippocampus, Phenotype, RNA, Messenger, Signal Transduction, Gene Expression, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Genes, Reporter, Pyramidal Cells, Biolistics, Rats, Long-Evans, Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins, rhoA GTP-Binding Protein, rac1 GTP-Binding Protein, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Mice, Rats, rho-Associated Kinases, In Vitro Techniques
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