Cited by 119Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchNeuroscience of respiration and sleepSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

Locus Ceruleus Control of Slow-Wave Homeostasis

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Cirelli, Chiara, Huber, Reto, Gopalakrishnan, Anupama, Southard, Teresa L., Tononi, Giulio·2005·The Journal of Neuroscience

Abstract

Sleep intensity is regulated by the duration of previous wakefulness, suggesting that waking results in the progressive accumulation of sleep need (Borbély and Achermann, 2000). In mammals, sleep intensity is reflected by slow-wave activity (SWA) in the nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep electroencephalogram, which increases in proportion to the time spent awake. However, the mechanisms responsible for the increase of NREM SWA after wakefulness remain unclear. According to a recent hypothesis (Tononi and Cirelli, 2003), the increase in SWA occurs because during wakefulness, many cortical circuits undergo synaptic potentiation, as evidenced by the widespread induction of long-term potentiation (LTP)-related genes in the brain of awake animals. A direct prediction of this hypothesis is that manipulations interfering with the induction of LTP-related genes should result in a blunted SWA response. Here, we examined SWA response in rats in which cortical norepinephrine (NA) was depleted, a manipulation that greatly reduces the induction of LTP-related genes during wakefulness (Cirelli and Tononi, 2004). We found that the homeostatic response of the lower-range SWA was markedly and specifically reduced after NA depletion. These data suggest that the wake-dependent accumulation of sleep need is causally related to cellular changes dependent on NA release, such as the induction of LTP-related genes, and support the hypothesis that sleep SWA homeostasis may be related to synaptic potentiation during wakefulness.

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Crossref · 10.1523/jneurosci.4845-04.2005

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  • Suppressing expression of LTP-related genes in rats by chronic lesion of the noradrenergic system produced a strong reduction in the homeostatic SWA response.

    “Suppressing expression of LTP-related genes in rats by chronic lesion of the noradrenergic system produced a strong reduction in the homeostatic SWA response (see, e.g., Refs.205 and 457, for similar results in flies).”

    From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [205]

    The Abstract reports that norepinephrine depletion in rats, a manipulation associated with reduced induction of LTP-related genes during wakefulness, markedly reduced the homeostatic response of lower-range SWA. The Results specify that the reduction was limited to 0.5–1.5 Hz, while the Introduction frames gene suppression as a proposed explanation rather than an experimentally established cause of the SWA change. The claim overstates both the frequency range affected and the causal role of gene expression. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Several studies show an increase in extracellular glutamate concentrations and molecular markers of LTP across wake periods and a decrease after sleep periods, particularly after SWS.

    “several studies show an increase in extracellular glutamate concentrations as well as molecular markers of LTP across wake periods and a decrease after sleep periods, particularly after SWS (204,205,207,257,457,607,940,1264)”

    From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [205]

    The Introduction (page unavailable) reports that expression of LTP-related genes is high during wakefulness and low during sleep, supporting the molecular-marker portion. Our copy does not report changes in extracellular glutamate concentrations or establish that the decrease occurs particularly after slow-wave sleep. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Both monoamines support synaptic remodeling via increasing activity of plasticity related immediate early genes.

    “Both monoamines support synaptic remodeling via increasing activity of plasticity related immediate early genes (205,208,475).”

    From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [205]

    The sections on norepinephrine depletion and synaptic plasticity report that norepinephrine supports plasticity and that its depletion reduces expression of LTP- or plasticity-related genes. The paper does not establish this mechanism for both monoamines, nor do the cited passages identify the genes as immediate early genes. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Cirelli, C., Huber, R., Gopalakrishnan, A., Southard, T. L., & Tononi, G.
Affiliations
University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
Venue
The Journal of Neuroscience
Published
2005-05-04
Volume
25
Issue
18
Pages
4503-4511
ISSN
  • 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
  • 1529-2401
OpenAlex
W2007283165
Cited by
119
References
89
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 11
FWCI
2.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords
locus coeruleus, slow-wave activity, sleep homeostasis, norepinephrine depletion, synaptic potentiation, long-term potentiation, sleep need, wakefulness, NREM sleep, sleep-wake regulation
MeSH terms
Analysis of Variance, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Benzylamines, Brain, Brain Chemistry, Dopamine, Drug Interactions, Electroencephalography, Fluoxetine, Homeostasis, Locus Coeruleus, Male, Norepinephrine, Rats, Inbred WKY, Serotonin, Sleep Wake Disorders, Sleep Stages, Spectrum Analysis, Time Factors, Wakefulness, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Rats

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