Cited by 157Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchSleep and Work-Related FatigueSleep and related disorders

Sleep, its regulation and possible mechanisms of sleep disturbances

Porkka‐Heiskanen, T., Zitting, K.‐M., Wigren, H.‐K.·2013·Acta Physiologica

Abstract

The state of sleep consists of different phases that proceed in successive, tightly regulated order through the night forming a physiological program, which for each individual is different but stabile from one night to another. Failure to accomplish this program results in feeling of unrefreshing sleep and tiredness in the morning. The program core is constructed by genetic factors but regulated by circadian rhythm and duration and intensity of day time brain activity. Many environmental factors modulate sleep, including stress, health status and ingestion of vigilance-affecting nutrients or medicines (e.g. caffeine). Acute sleep loss results in compromised cognitive performance, memory deficits, depressive mood and involuntary sleep episodes during the day. Moreover, prolonged sleep curtailment has many adverse health effects, as evidenced by both epidemiological and experimental studies. These effects include increased risk for depression, type II diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. In addition to voluntary restriction of sleep, shift work, irregular working hours, jet lag and stress are important factors that induce curtailed or bad quality sleep and/or insomnia. This review covers the current theories on the function of normal sleep and describes current knowledge on the physiologic effects of sleep loss. It provides insights into the basic mechanisms of the regulation of wakefulness and sleep creating a theoretical background for understanding different disturbances of sleep.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/apha.12134

Cites

190 of 190 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Porkka‐Heiskanen, T., Zitting, K. ‐., & Wigren, H. ‐.
Affiliations
University of Helsinki (FI)
Corresponding author
Porkka‐Heiskanen, T.
Venue
Acta Physiologica
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2013-06-21
Volume
208
Issue
4
Pages
311-328
ISSN
  • 1748-1708 (ISSN-L)
  • 1748-1716
OpenAlex
W1974936856
Cited by
157
References
190
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 4
FWCI
1.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Acta Physiologica (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Keywords
sleep regulation, sleep stages, circadian rhythm, sleep deprivation, cognitive performance, memory impairment, insomnia, shift work, jet lag, stress, caffeine, sleep duration, sleep quality, depression, type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease
MeSH terms
Aging, Brain, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review