Differential Expression of Plasticity-Related Genes in Waking and Sleep and Their Regulation by the Noradrenergic System
Open accessAbstract
Behavioral studies indicate that the ability to acquire long-term memories is severely impaired during sleep. It is unclear, however, why the highly synchronous discharge of neurons during sleep should not be followed by the induction of enduring plastic changes. Here we show that the expression of phosphorylated CRE-binding protein,Arc, and BDNF, three genes whose induction is often associated with synaptic plasticity, is high during waking and low during sleep. We also show that the induction of these genes during waking depends on the activity of the noradrenergic system, which is high in waking and low in sleep. These molecular results complement behavioral evidence and provide a mechanism for the impairment of long-term memory acquisition during sleep.
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Several studies show an increase in extracellular glutamate concentrations and molecular markers of LTP across wake periods and a decrease after sleep periods, particularly after SWS.
“several studies show an increase in extracellular glutamate concentrations as well as molecular markers of LTP across wake periods and a decrease after sleep periods, particularly after SWS (204,205,207,257,457,607,940,1264)”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [207]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that P-CREB, Arc, and BDNF levels in most cortical areas are much higher after waking than after sleep. This supports the molecular-marker portion, but our copy does not report changes in extracellular glutamate concentrations or establish that the decrease is particularly pronounced after slow-wave sleep. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Cirelli, C., & Tononi, G.
- Affiliations
- Neurosciences Institute (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2000-12-15
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 9187-9194
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6773024
- OpenAlex
- W2160154470
- Cited by
- 369
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 9.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Neurosciences Research Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- synaptic plasticity, sleep, waking, noradrenergic system, Arc, CREB, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, gene expression, long-term memory, memory consolidation, norepinephrine
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Circadian Rhythm, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Electroencephalography, Electromyography, Gene Expression Regulation, Hippocampus, Locus Coeruleus, Male, Memory, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neuronal Plasticity, Phosphorylation, Rats, Inbred WKY, Receptors, Adrenergic, RNA, Messenger, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Wakefulness, Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Long-Term Potentiation, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Rats
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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