The DOI matches its Crossref record; 579 of the 580 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 1 are not checked yet.
Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome: proceedings from the 2016 Cincinnati International Turner Syndrome Meeting
Open accessAbstract
Turner syndrome affects 25-50 per 100,000 females and can involve multiple organs through all stages of life, necessitating multidisciplinary approach to care. Previous guidelines have highlighted this, but numerous important advances have been noted recently. These advances cover all specialty fields involved in the care of girls and women with TS. This paper is based on an international effort that started with exploratory meetings in 2014 in both Europe and the USA, and culminated with a Consensus Meeting held in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA in July 2016. Prior to this meeting, five groups each addressed important areas in TS care: 1) diagnostic and genetic issues, 2) growth and development during childhood and adolescence, 3) congenital and acquired cardiovascular disease, 4) transition and adult care, and 5) other comorbidities and neurocognitive issues. These groups produced proposals for the present guidelines. Additionally, four pertinent questions were submitted for formal GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) evaluation with a separate systematic review of the literature. These four questions related to the efficacy and most optimal treatment of short stature, infertility, hypertension, and hormonal replacement therapy. The guidelines project was initiated by the European Society for Endocrinology and the Pediatric Endocrine Society, in collaboration with The European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology, The Endocrine Society, European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, The American Heart Association, The Society for Endocrinology, and the European Society of Cardiology. The guideline has been formally endorsed by the European Society for Endocrinology, the Pediatric Endocrine Society, the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology, the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology and the Endocrine Society. Advocacy groups appointed representatives who participated in pre-meeting discussions and in the consensus meeting.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Previous guidelines have already addressed this, but numerous important advances have been noted since their publication.1-3”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Comparative studies of karyotype-phenotype in TS are challenged by relatively small cohorts, differences in patient ages, variability in the definition of the clinical features, and general uncertainty regarding the extent of mosaicism in different tissues.1”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“In 10%-12% of individuals with TS, a normal or structurally abnormal Y chromosome can be detected by karyotyping, FISH using Y-chromosome probes, PCR with Y-specific probes, or array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH).”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“PCR is more sensitive in detecting Y material than FISH”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Studies differ on whether oral E2 vs. TD E2 leads to increased total cholesterol and decreased HDL”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Dose and route of E2 do not affect glucose and insulin concentration and tolerance”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Inadequate weight gain is common, with estimates of up to half of all infants with TS experiencing failure to thrive.1”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties.
Arnett, J. J. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.5.469 · Cited by 16,843
Chobanian, A. V., Bakris, G. L., Black, H. R., Cushman, W. C., Green, L. A., Izzo, J. L., Jones, D. W., Materson, B. J., Oparil, S., Wright, J. T., et al. (2003) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000107251.49515.c2 · Cited by 13,271
GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence
Balshem, H., Helfand, M., Schünemann, H. J., Oxman, A. D., Kunz, R., Brozek, J., Vist, G. E., Falck-Ytter, Y., Meerpohl, J., & Norris, S. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015 · Cited by 8,285
National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents (2004) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.114.2.s2.555 · Cited by 6,913
Erbel (2014) · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu281 · Cited by 4,451
Steegers, E. A., von Dadelszen, P., Duvekot, J. J., & Pijnenborg, R. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60279-6 · Cited by 2,850
Husby, S., Koletzko, S., Korponay‐Szabó, I. R., Mearin, M. L., Phillips, A., Shamir, R., Troncone, R., Giersiepen, K., Branski, D., Catassi, C., et al. (2012) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e31821a23d0 · Cited by 2,683
Adolescence: A foundation for future health
Sawyer, S. M., Afifi, R. A., Bearinger, L. H., Blakemore, S.-J., Dick, B., Ezeh, A. C., & Patton, G. C. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60072-5 · Cited by 2,635
ESC Guidelines on the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy
Endorsed by the European Society of Gynecology (ESG), T. A. F. E. P. C. (., Authors/Task Force Members, Regitz-Zagrosek, V., Blomstrom Lundqvist, C., Borghi, C., Cifkova, R., Ferreira, R., Foidart, J.-M., Gibbs, J. S. R., Gohlke-Baerwolf, C., et al. (2011) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr218 · Cited by 1,924
ESHRE Guideline: management of women with premature ovarian insufficiency
The ESHRE Guideline Group on POI, Webber, L. J., Davies, M. C., Anderson, R. A., Bartlett, J., Braat, D. D. M., Cartwright, B., Cífková, R., Keizer‐Schrama, S. D. M., Hogervorst, E., et al. (2016) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dew027 · Cited by 1,603
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- 2016, Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of stroke: impact of the route of estrogen administration and type of progestogen., Stroke, 47
- 1982, Learning disabilities in children with sex chromosome anomalies, Child Development, 53, 1182, 10.2307/1129006 · DOI
- 2016, Growth-promoting effetcs of human recombinant growth hormone in subjects with Ulrrich-Turner syndrome (UTS), 201
- 2008, Chronological age of patients with Turner syndrome at diagnosis, Klinische Pädiatrie, 220, 16
- 2001, The effect of growth hormone on craniofacial growth and dental maturation in Turner syndrome, Angle Orthodontist, 71, 50
- 2008, Policies and Practices for Mental Health in Europe – Meeting the Challenges
- GawlikAMalecka, Transitions in treatment of syndrome during transition of, endocrinology European Journal Endocrinology, 57
- ACCF, 2010, AHA SIR guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with thoracic aortic disease : executive summary report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Association for Thoracic Surgery, American American American American Society Society Society Society Society Vascular Medicine Catheterization Interventions, 43
Cited by
Sorted by citations
2018 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy
Regitz-Zagrosek, V., Roos-Hesselink, J. W., Bauersachs, J., Blomström-Lundqvist, C., Cífková, R., De Bonis, M., Iung, B., Johnson, M. R., Kintscher, U., Kranke, P., et al. (2018) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy340 · Cited by 2,292
Isselbacher, E. M., Preventza, O., Hamilton Black, J., Augoustides, J. G., Beck, A. W., Bolen, M. A., Braverman, A. C., Bray, B. E., Brown-Zimmerman, M. M., Chen, E. P., et al. (2022) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001106 · Cited by 2,082
2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of peripheral arterial and aortic diseases
Mazzolai, L., Teixidó‐Turà, G., Lanzi, S., Boc, V., Bossone, E., Brodmann, M., Bura-Rivière, A., Backer, J. F. A. D., Déglise, S., Corte, A. D., et al. (2024) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae179 · Cited by 1,313
2022 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Aortic Disease
Isselbacher, E. M., Preventza, O. A., Black, J. H., Augoustides, J. G., Beck, A. W., Bolen, M. A., Braverman, A. C., Bray, B. E., Brown-Zimmerman, M. M., Chen, E. P., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2022.08.004 · Cited by 688
Pierpont, M. E., Brueckner, M., Chung, W. K., Garg, V., Lacro, R. V., McGuire, A. L., Mital, S., Priest, J. R., Pu, W. T., Roberts, A., et al. (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000606 · Cited by 654
Caring for individuals with a difference of sex development (DSD): a Consensus Statement
Cools, M., Nordenström, A., Robeva, R. N., Hall, J., Westerveld, P., Flück, C. E., Köhler, B., Berra, M., Springer, A., Schweizer, K., et al. (2018) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-018-0010-8 · Cited by 467
Collett‐Solberg, P. F., Ambler, G. R., Backeljauw, P. F., Bidlingmaier, M., Biller, B. M. K., Boguszewski, M. C. D. S., Cheung, P. T., Choong, C. S., Cohen, L. E., Cohen, P., et al. (2019) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000502231 · Cited by 370
Self-citation2025 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease and pregnancy
Backer, J. F. A. D., Haugaa, K. H., Hasselberg, N. E., de Hosson, M., Brida, M., Castelletti, S., Cauldwell, M., Cerbai, E., Crotti, L., de Groot, N. M. S., et al. (2025) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf193 · Cited by 380
Turner syndrome: mechanisms and management
Gravholt, C. H., Viuff, M. H., Brun, S., Stochholm, K., & Andersen, N. H. (2019) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0224-4 · Cited by 356
Self-citationEbeling, P. R., Nguyen, H. H., Aleksova, J., Vincent, A. J., Wong, P., & Milat, F. (2021) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnab028 · Cited by 368
Premature ovarian insufficiency: an international menopause society white paper
Panay, N., Anderson, R. A., Nappi, R. E., Vincent, A. J., Vujovic, S., Webber, L., & Wolfman, W. (2020) · Climacteric · doi:10.1080/13697137.2020.1804547 · Cited by 297
Sood, E., Newburger, J. W., Anixt, J. S., Cassidy, A. R., Jackson, J. L., Jonas, R. A., Lisanti, A. J., Lopez, K. N., Peyvandi, S., Marino, B. S., et al. (2024) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001211 · Cited by 266
Cardiovascular Health in Turner Syndrome: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Silberbach, M., Roos‐Hesselink, J. W., Andersen, N. H., Braverman, A. C., Brown, N. M., Collins, R. T., Backer, J. F. A. D., Eagle, K. A., Hiratzka, L. F., Johnson, W. H., et al. (2018) · Circulation Genomic and Precision Medicine · doi:10.1161/hcg.0000000000000048 · Cited by 250
Self-citationClinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome.
Gravholt, C. H., Andersen, N. H., Christin-Maitre, S., Davis, S. M., Duijnhouwer, A., Gawlik, A., Maciel-Guerra, A. T., Gutmark-Little, I., Fleischer, K., Hong, D., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvae050 · Cited by 224
Self-citationFinken, M. J. J., van der Steen, M., Smeets, C. C. J., Walenkamp, M. J. E., de Bruin, C., Hokken-Koelega, A., & Wit, J. M. (2018) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2018-00083 · Cited by 232
Hokken-Koelega, A., van der Steen, M., Boguszewski, M. C. D. S., Cianfarani, S., Dahlgren, J., Horikawa, R., Verónica Mericq, G., Rapaport, R., Al-Herbish, A. S., Braslavsky, D. G., et al. (2023) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnad002 · Cited by 208
Witchel, S. F. (2017) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.11.005 · Cited by 206
Berglund, A., Viuff, M. H., Skakkebaek, A. H., Chang, S., Stochholm, K., & Gravholt, C. H. (2019) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-018-0976-2 · Cited by 183
Self-citationNormal and Premature Adrenarche
Rosenfield, R. L. (2021) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnab009 · Cited by 170
Estrogen replacement in Turner syndrome: literature review and practical considerations
Klein, K. O., Rosenfield, R. L., Santen, R. J., Gawlik, A. M., Backeljauw, P. F., Gravholt, C. H., Sas, T. C. J., & Mauras, N. (2018) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2017-02183 · Cited by 151
Self-citationThe changing face of Turner syndrome
Gravholt, C. H., Viuff, M., Just, J., Sandahl, K., Brun, S., van der Velden, J., Andersen, N. H., & Skakkebaek, A. (2023) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnac016 · Cited by 149
Self-citation2022 ACC/AHA guideline for the diagnosis and management of aortic disease
Isselbacher, E. M., Preventza, O. A., Black, J. H., Augoustides, J. G., Beck, A. W., Bolen, M. A., Braverman, A. C., Bray, B. E., Brown-Zimmerman, M. M., Chen, E. P., et al. (2023) · Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.04.023 · Cited by 152
Mosaic Turner syndrome shows reduced penetrance in an adult population study
Tuke, M. A., Ruth, K. S., Wood, A. R., Beaumont, R. N., Tyrrell, J., Jones, S. E., Yaghootkar, H., Turner, C., Donohoe, M. E., Brooke, A. M., et al. (2018) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41436-018-0271-6 · Cited by 149
The epidemiology of sex chromosome abnormalities
Berglund, A., Stochholm, K., & Gravholt, C. H. (2020) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminars in Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.31805 · Cited by 143
Self-citationCurrent best practice in the management of Turner syndrome
Shankar, R. K., & Backeljauw, P. F. (2017) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/2042018817746291 · Cited by 136
Self-citation2025 ACC/AHA/HRS/ISACHD/SCAI Guideline for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Gurvitz, M. Z., Krieger, E. V., Fuller, S., Davis, L. L., Kittleson, M. M., Aboulhosn, J., Bradley, E. A., Buber, J., Daniels, C. J., Dimopoulos, K., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2025.09.006 · Cited by 138
Pregnancy in congenital heart disease: risk prediction and counselling
van Hagen, I. M., & Roos‐Hesselink, J. W. (2020) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2019-314702 · Cited by 122
Yasuhara, J., & Garg, V. (2021) · Translational Pediatrics · doi:10.21037/tp-21-297 · Cited by 124
Nordenström, A., Ahmed, S. F., van den Akker, E., Blair, J., Bonomi, M., Brachet, C., Broersen, L. H. A., Claahsen-van der Grinten, H. L., Dessens, A. B., Gawlik, A., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-22-0073 · Cited by 108
Self-citationSultan, C., Gaspari, L., Maı̈moun, L., Kalfa, N., & Paris, F. (2017) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.11.004 · Cited by 102
Howard, S. R. (2021) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.14578 · Cited by 110
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Specific Genetic Syndromes in Childhood and Adolescence
Kyritsi, E. M., & Kanaka‐Gantenbein, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00543 · Cited by 101
Lindley, K. J., Merz, C. N. B., Asgar, A., Bello, N. A., Chandra, S., Davis, M. B., Gomberg‐Maitland, M., Gulati, M., Hollier, L. M., Krieger, E. V., et al. (2021) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.02.026 · Cited by 102
Growth hormone therapy in children; research and practice – A review
Collett‐Solberg, P. F., Jorge, A. A. L., Boguszewski, M. C. D. S., Miller, B. S., Choong, C. S., Cohen, P., Hoffman, A. R., Luo, X., Radovick, S., & Saenger, P. H. (2018) · Growth Hormone & IGF Research · doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2018.12.004 · Cited by 100
Inherited Thoracic Aortic Disease
Fletcher, A. J., Syed, M. B. J., Aitman, T. J., Newby, D. E., & Walker, N. L. (2020) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.119.043756 · Cited by 94
Multigene Sequencing Analysis of Children Born Small for Gestational Age With Isolated Short Stature
Freire, B. L., Homma, T. K., Funari, M. F. A., Lerário, A. M., Vasques, G. A., Malaquias, A. C., Arnhold, I. J. P., & Jorge, A. A. L. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2018-01971 · Cited by 90
Long-term outcomes in patients with Turner syndrome: a 68-year follow-up
Fuchs, M. M., Attenhofer Jost, C., Babovic‐Vuksanovic, D., Connolly, H. M., & Egbe, A. (2019) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.118.011501 · Cited by 88
Clinical developmental, neuropsychological, and social–emotional features of Turner syndrome
Hutaff-Lee, C. F., Bennett, E., Howell, S., & Tartaglia, N. R. (2019) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminars in Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.31687 · Cited by 80
Ontogeny of Hypothalamus-Pituitary Gonadal Axis and Minipuberty: An Ongoing Debate?
Bizzarri, C., & Cappa, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00187 · Cited by 86
Epigenetics in Turner syndrome
Álvarez-Nava, F., & Lanes, R. (2018) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-018-0477-0 · Cited by 79
Seppä, S., Kuiri‐Hänninen, T., Holopainen, E., & Voutilainen, R. (2021) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-20-1487 · Cited by 83
Deciphering short stature in children
Polidori, N., Castorani, V., Mohn, A., & Chiarelli, F. (2020) · Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.6065/apem.2040064.032 · Cited by 74
Clinical Indications for Growth Hormone Therapy
Danowitz, M., & Grimberg, A. (2022) · Advances in Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.yapd.2022.03.005 · Cited by 77
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women – Current knowledge and emerging concepts
Eng, P. C., Forlano, R., Tan, T., Manousou, P., Dhillo, W. S., & Izzi‐Engbeaya, C. N. (2023) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100835 · Cited by 75
Genetic Basis of Human Congenital Heart DiseasePreprint
Nees, S. N., & Chung, W. K. (2019) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a036749 · Cited by 71
Verde, M. L., Falco, L. D., Torella, A., Savarese, G., Savarese, P., Ruggiero, R., Conte, A. M., Fico, V., Torella, M., & Fico, A. (2021) · BMC Medical Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12920-021-00941-y · Cited by 69
Fertility issues and pregnancy outcomes in Turner syndrome
Calanchini, M., Aye, C. Y. L., Orchard, E., Baker, K., Child, T., Fabbri, A., Mackillop, L., & Turner, H. E. (2020) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.03.002 · Cited by 68
Federici, S., Goggi, G., Quinton, R., Giovanelli, L., Persani, L., Cangiano, B., & Bonomi, M. (2021) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnab043 · Cited by 65
Shaikh, A. M. A., Daftardar, H., Alghamdi, A. A., Jamjoom, M., Awidah, S., Ahmed, M. E., & Soliman, A. T. (2020) · Acta bio-medica dell'Ateneo parmense/Acta biomedica · doi:10.23750/abm.v91i1.9182 · Cited by 64
Wit, J. M., Kamp, G. A., Oostdijk, W., & on behalf of the Dutch Working Group on Triage and Diagnosis of Growth Disorders in Children (2019) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000499915 · Cited by 64
Epigenetics and genomics in Turner syndrome
Viuff, M. H., Skakkebaek, A. H., Nielsen, M. M., Chang, S., & Gravholt, C. H. (2019) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminars in Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.31683 · Cited by 66
Self-citationSex hormone replacement therapy in Turner syndrome—impact on morbidity and mortality
Viuff, M. H., Berglund, A., Juul, S., Andersen, N. H., Stochholm, K., & Gravholt, C. H. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgz039 · Cited by 62
Self-citationAvdic, H. B., Butwicka, A., Nordenström, A., Almqvist, C., Nordenskjöld, A., Engberg, H., & Frisén, L. (2021) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-021-09399-6 · Cited by 64
Aortic dilatation and outcome in women with Turner syndrome
Duijnhouwer, A. L., Bons, L. R., Timmers, H. J. L. M., van Kimmenade, R. R. L., Snoeren, M., Timmermans, J., van den Hoven, A. T., Kempers, M., van Dijk, A. P. J., Fleischer, K., et al. (2019) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313716 · Cited by 60
Coarctation of the Aorta: Modern Paradigms Across the Lifespan
Salciccioli, K. B., & Zachariah, J. P. V. (2023) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.19454 · Cited by 57
Endocrine Disorder in Patients With Craniopharyngioma
Zhou, Z., Zhang, S., & Hu, F. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.737743 · Cited by 57
Differences/Disorders of Sex Development: Medical Conditions at the Intersection of Sex and Gender
Sandberg, D. E., & Gardner, M. (2022) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-101412 · Cited by 57
Self-citationFoster, C., & Al-Zubeidi, H. (2018) · Pediatric Annals · doi:10.3928/19382359-20171219-01 · Cited by 54
Donaldson, M., Kriström, B., Ankarberg‐Lindgren, C., Verlinde, S., van der Velden, J. A. E. M., Gawlik, A., van Gelder, M. M. H. J., Sas, T., & on behalf of the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology Turner Syndrome Working Group (2019) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000500050 · Cited by 54
Self-citationAchieving Optimal Short- and Long-term Responses to Paediatric Growth Hormone Therapy
Wit, J. M., Deeb, A., Bin-Abbas, B. S., Almutair, A., Koledova, E. B., & Savage, M. O. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2019.0088 · Cited by 53
Autoimmunity Predisposition in Girls With Turner Syndrome
Węgiel, M., Antosz, A., Gieburowska, J., Szeliga, K., Hankus, M., Grzybowska‐Chlebowczyk, U., Więcek, S., Małecka‐Tendera, E., & Gawlik, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00511 · Cited by 51
Cattoni, A., Parissone, F., Porcari, I., Molinari, S., Masera, N., Franchi, M. P., Cesaro, S., Gaudino, R., Passoni, P., & Balduzzi, A. (2020) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2020.100730 · Cited by 51
Lin, A. E., Prakash, S. K., Andersen, N. H., Viuff, M. H., Levitsky, L. L., Rivera‐Davila, M., Crenshaw, M. L., Hansen, L., Colvin, M. K., Hayes, F. J., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.61310 · Cited by 50
Self-citationRhie, Y.-J., Yoo, J.-H., Choi, J.-H., Chae, H.-W., Kim, J. H., Chung, S., Hwang, I. T., Shin, C. H., Kim, E. Y., & Kim, H.-S. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216927 · Cited by 49
Fiot, E., Alauze, B., Donadille, B., Samara‐Boustani, D., Houang, M., FILIPPO, G. D., Bachelot, A., Delcour, C., Beyler, C., Bois, E., et al. (2022) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-022-02423-5 · Cited by 50
Kreukels, B. P. C., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., Roehle, R., van de Grift, T. C., Słowikowska‐Hilczer, J., der Grinten, H. L. C., Hirschberg, A. L., de Vries, A. L. C., Reisch, N., Bouvattier, C. M., et al. (2019) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2019.1610123 · Cited by 49
Bioinformatic Analysis Identifies Potential Key Genes in the Pathogenesis of Turner Syndrome
Wang, H., Zhu, H., Zhu, W., Xu, Y., Wang, N., Han, B., Song, H., & Qiao, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00104 · Cited by 48
An Approach to the Patient With Delayed Puberty
Harrington, J., & Palmert, M. R. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac054 · Cited by 47
Incidence of Aortic Dissection in Turner Syndrome
Thunström, S., Krantz, E., Thunström, E. Ö., Hanson, C., Bryman, I., & Landin‐Wilhelmsen, K. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.119.040552 · Cited by 47
Turner Syndrome with Y Chromosome: Spontaneous Thelarche, Menarche, and Risk of Malignancy
Dabrowski, E. C., Johnson, E. K., Patel, V. K., Hsu, Y., Davis, S., Goetsch, A. L., Habiby, R. L., Brickman, W. J., & Finlayson, C. A. (2019) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2019.08.011 · Cited by 47
Azem, F., Brener, A., Malinger, G., Reches, A., Many, A., Yogev, Y., & Lebenthal, Y. (2020) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.03.009 · Cited by 46
Screening, prenatal diagnosis, and prenatal decision for sex chromosome aneuploidy
Xu, Y., Chen, L., Liu, Y., Hao, Y., Xu, Z., Deng, L., & Xie, J. (2019) · Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1080/14737159.2019.1613154 · Cited by 46
Schleedoorn, M. J., Mulder, B. H., Braat, D. D. M., Beerendonk, C. C. M., Peek, R., Nelen, W. L. D. M., Van Leeuwen, E., Van der Velden, A. A. E. M., & Fleischer, K. (2020) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deaa007 · Cited by 43
Turner syndrome systematic review: spontaneous thelarche and menarche stratified by karyotype
Dabrowski, E., Jensen, R., Johnson, E. K., Habiby, R. L., Brickman, W. J., & Finlayson, C. (2019) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000502902 · Cited by 43
Elshafie, A., Kasemy, Z. A. A., Omar, Z. A. L., Alkalash, S. H., Salama, A. A., mahrous, K. S., Hewedy, S. M., Kotb, N. M., El-Hady, H. S. A., Eladawy, E. S., et al. (2020) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-020-00855-y · Cited by 45
Reproductive Complications in Childhood Cancer Survivors
van Santen, H. M., van de Wetering, M. D., Bos, A. M. E., vd Heuvel-Eibrink, M. M., van der Pal, H. J., & Wallace, W. H. (2020) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2020.08.003 · Cited by 42
Clinical Findings and Follow-Up of 46,XY and 45,X/46,XY Testicular Dysgenesis
de Andrade, J. G. R., Fabbri‐Scallet, H., Santos, A. P., Cools, M., Werner, R., Hiort, O., de Mello, M. P., Guerra‐Júnior, G., & Maciel‐Guerra, A. T. (2019) · Sexual Development · doi:10.1159/000504239 · Cited by 45
Pregnancy outcomes following oocyte donation
Berntsen, S., Larsen, E. C., Freiesleben, N. L. C., & Pinborg, A. B. (2020) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.07.008 · Cited by 42
Calanchini, M., Moolla, A., Tomlinson, J. W., Cobbold, J. F., Grossman, A., Fabbri, A., & Turner, H. E. (2018) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.13811 · Cited by 41
Gibson, C. E., Boodhansingh, K. E., Li, C., Conlin, L. K., Chen, P., Becker, S. A., Bhatti, T. R., Bamba, V., Adzick, N. S., León, D. D. D., et al. (2018) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000488347 · Cited by 44
Cameron-Pimblett, A., Davies, M. C., Burt, E., Talaulikar, V. S., La Rosa, C., King, T. F. J., & Conway, G. S. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2018-02137 · Cited by 40
Self-citationPregnancy outcome in Turner syndrome: a French multi-center study after the 2009 guidelines
Cadoret, F., Parinaud, J., Bettiol, C., Pienkowski, C., Letur, H., Ohl, J., Sentilhes, L., Papaxanthos, A., Winer, N., Mathieu d’Argent, E., et al. (2018) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.08.005 · Cited by 40
Shear, M. A., Swanson, K., Garg, R., Jelin, A. C., Boscardin, W. J., Norton, M. E., & Sparks, T. N. (2023) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.6298 · Cited by 40
Organ Abnormalities Caused by Turner Syndrome
Yoon, S. H., Kim, G. Y., Choi, G. T., & Tae, J. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12101365 · Cited by 43
Immunological Profile and Predisposition to Autoimmunity in Girls With Turner Syndrome
Gawlik, A., Berdej-Szczot, E., Blat, D., Klekotka, R., Gawlik, T., Błaszczyk, E., Hankus, M., & Małecka‐Tendera, E. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00307 · Cited by 40
Surgery of Anomalies of Gonadal and Genital Development in the “Post-Truth Era”
Gorduza, D. B., Quigley, C. A., Caldamone, A. A., & Mouriquand, P. D. E. (2018) · Urologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2018.06.012 · Cited by 39
Self-citationSociety for endocrinology guideline for understanding, diagnosing and treating female hypogonadism
Jayasena, C. N., Devine, K., Barber, K., Comninos, A. N., Conway, G. S., Crown, A. L., Davies, M. C., Ewart, A., Seal, L., Smyth, A., et al. (2024) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.15097 · Cited by 45
Self-citationCardiovascular outcomes of pregnancy in Turner syndrome
Grewal, J., Valente, A. M., Egbe, A. C., Wu, F. M., Krieger, E. V., Sybert, V. P., van Hagen, I. M., Beauchesne, L. M., Rodriguez, F. H., Broberg, C. S., et al. (2021) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2020-316719 · Cited by 38
Clinical update on sensorineural hearing loss in Turner syndrome and the X-chromosome
Bonnard, Å., Bark, R., & Hederstierna, C. (2019) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminars in Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.31673 · Cited by 38
Pregnancies in women with Turner syndrome: a retrospective multicentre UK study
Cauldwell, M., Steer, P. J., Adamson, D. L., Alexander, C., Allen, L., Bhagra, C., Bolger, A., Bonner, S., Calanchini, M., Carroll, A., et al. (2021) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.17025 · Cited by 38
Cardiometabolic health in Turner syndrome
Davis, S. M., & Geffner, M. E. (2019) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminars in Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.31678 · Cited by 37
Self-citationGurvitz, M. Z., Krieger, E. V., Fuller, S., Davis, L. L., Kittleson, M. M., Aboulhosn, J., Bradley, E. A., Buber, J., Daniels, C. J., Dimopoulos, K., et al. (2025) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001402 · Cited by 38
Hypogonadism in Children with a Previous History of Cancer: Endocrine Management and Follow-Up
van Santen, H. M., van den Heuvel‐Eibrink, M. M., van de Wetering, M. D., & Wallace, W. H. (2019) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000495943 · Cited by 37
Glucose metabolism in Turner syndrome
Sun, L., Wang, Y., Zhou, T., Zhao, X., Wang, Y., Wang, G., & Gang, X. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00049 · Cited by 36
Viuff, M., & Gravholt, C. H. (2022) · Annales d Endocrinologie · doi:10.1016/j.ando.2022.06.001 · Cited by 36
Self-citationSex Hormones and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Weiskirchen, R., & Lonardo, A. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26199594 · Cited by 36
Challenges of fertility preservation in non‐oncological diseases
Condorelli, M., & Demeestere, I. (2019) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.13577 · Cited by 36
Hemesath, T. P., de Paula, L. C. P., Carvalho, C. G., Leite, J. C. L., Guaragna‐Filho, G., & Costa, E. C. (2019) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2018.00419 · Cited by 36
Phenotypic Expression of Autoimmunity in Children With Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders
Aversa, T., Corica, D., Zirilli, G., Pajno, G. B., Salzano, G., Luca, F. D., & Wasniewska, M. G. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00476 · Cited by 38
Viuff, M. H., Just, J., Brun, S., Dam, T. V., Hansen, M., Melgaard, L., Hougaard, D. M., Lappe, M., & Gravholt, C. H. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac167 · Cited by 35
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Gravholt, C. H., Andersen, N. H., Conway, G. S., Dekkers, O. M., Geffner, M. E., Klein, K. O., Lin, A. E., Mauras, N., Quigley, C. A., Rubin, K., Sandberg, D. E., Sas, T. C. J., Silberbach, M., Söderström-Anttila, V., Stochholm, K., van Alfen-van derVelden, J. A., Woelfle, J., Backeljauw, P. F., & _, _.
- Affiliations
- 1Departments of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
- Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
- University College London (GB)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Nemours Children's Health System (US)
- 10St Hubert’s Island, New South Wales, Australia
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital (NL)
- Doernbecher Children's Hospital (US)
- 16Väestöliitto Fertility Clinics, Helsinki, Finland
- 18Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- University of Bonn (DE)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gravholt, Claus H
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-09
- Volume
- 177
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- G1-G70
- ISSN
- 0804-4643 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-683X
- OpenAlex
- W2735815275
- Cited by
- 1,101
- References
- 580
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 170 · 2023: 159 · 2022: 123 · 2021: 144 · 2020: 148 · 2019: 151 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 9
- FWCI
- 13.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Scopus (Elsevier) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF13OC0003234, NNF15OC0016474)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R13HD089663)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Keywords
- Turner syndrome, short stature, infertility, hypertension, hormone replacement therapy, cardiovascular disease, adult care, transition to adult care, neurocognitive function, comorbidities, growth and development, multidisciplinary care
- MeSH terms
- Congresses as Topic, Europe, Female, Patient Care, Humans, Ohio, Turner Syndrome, United States, Women, Practice Guidelines as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
