Skeletal changes during and after spaceflight

Vico, Laurence; Hargens, Alan

doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2018.37

Cited by 236Spaceflight effects on biologyBone health and osteoporosis researchEffects of Vibration on Health

Skeletal changes during and after spaceflight

Vico, Laurence, Hargens, Alan·2018·Nature Reviews Rheumatology

DOI 10.1038/nrrheum.2018.37

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Abstract

Space sojourns are challenging for life. The ability of the human body to adapt to these extreme conditions has been noted since the beginning of human space travel. Skeletal alterations that occur during spaceflight are now better understood owing to tools such as dual-energy X-ray densitometry and high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT, and murine models help researchers to understand cellular and matrix changes that occur in bone and that are difficult to measure in humans. However, questions remain with regard to bone adaptation and osteocyte fate, as well as to interactions of the skeleton with fluid shifts towards the head and with the vascular system. Further investigations into the relationships between the musculoskeletal system, energy metabolism and sensory motor acclimatisation are needed. In this regard, an integrated intervention is required that will address multiple systems simultaneously. Importantly, radiation and isolation-related stresses are gaining increased attention as the prospect of human exploration into deep space draws nearer. Although space is a unique environment, clear parallels exist between the effects of spaceflight, periods of immobilization and ageing, with possibly irreversible features. Space travel offers an opportunity to establish integrated deconditioning and ageing interventions that combine nutritional, physical and pharmaceutical strategies.

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The mathematical model presented is the first to the authors' knowledge that does not assume a linear decrease in BMD of astronauts.
“The mathematical model presented is the first to our knowledge that does not assume a linear decrease in the BMD of astronauts [28–30].”
From A human mission to Mars: Predicting the bone mineral density loss of astronauts (2020) · cites this paper as [30]

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Mechanical regulation of bone remodeling
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How does spaceflight affect the acquired immune system?
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Piezo1 Inactivation in Chondrocytes Impairs Trabecular Bone Formation
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Periosteal CD68+F4/80+ Macrophages Are Mechanosensitive for Cortical Bone Formation by Secretion and Activation of TGF‐β1
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Incomplete recovery of bone strength and trabecular microarchitecture at the distal tibia 1 year after return from long duration spaceflight
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Why Human Enhancement is Necessary for Successful Human Deep-space Missions
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The current state and future trends of space nutrition from a perspective of astronauts' physiology
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Procr+ chondroprogenitors sense mechanical stimuli to govern articular cartilage maintenance and regeneration
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Role and Mechanism of Mechanical Load in the Homeostasis of the Subchondral Bone in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Comprehensive Review
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Blocking glucocorticoid signaling in osteoblasts and osteocytes prevents mechanical unloading-induced cortical bone loss
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Effect of Microgravity Environment on Gut Microbiome and Angiogenesis
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Biological Effects of Hypomagnetic Field: Ground‐Based Data for Space Exploration
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Negative impact of disuse and unloading on tendon enthesis structure and function
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Recovery from 6‐month spaceflight at the International Space Station: muscle‐related stress into a proinflammatory setting
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Glucose- and glutamine-dependent bioenergetics sensitize bone mechanoresponse after unloading by modulating osteocyte calcium dynamics
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Specific host metabolite and gut microbiome alterations are associated with bone loss during spaceflight
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Injectable mineralized hydrogel microspheres for accelerated osteocyte network reconstruction and intelligent bone regeneration
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Evidence of the static magnetic field effects on bone-related diseases and bone cells
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Impact of 14 Days of Bed Rest in Older Adults and an Exercise Countermeasure on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Cardiovascular Function: Canadian Space Agency Standard Measures
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Dissociation of Bone Resorption and Formation in Spaceflight and Simulated Microgravity: Potential Role of Myokines and Osteokines?
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Findings from recent studies by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency examining musculoskeletal atrophy in space and on Earth
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Microfluidic Actuated and Controlled Systems and Application for Lab-on-Chip in Space Life Science
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1–2 T static magnetic field combined with Ferumoxytol prevent unloading-induced bone loss by regulating iron metabolism in osteoclastogenesis
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Disorder of Iron Metabolism Inhibits the Recovery of Unloading-Induced Bone Loss in Hypomagnetic Field
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Crew-Friendly Countermeasures Against Musculoskeletal Injuries in Aviation and Spaceflight
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Static magnetic field of 0.2–0.4 T promotes the recovery of hindlimb unloading-induced bone loss in mice
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Bone health in spacefaring rodents and primates: systematic review and meta-analysis
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Osteocytes and Weightlessness
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Self-citation

Authors: Vico, L., & Hargens, A.
Affiliations: Inserm (FR)
University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author: Vico, Laurence
ORCID: Vico, Laurence
Hargens, Alan
Venue: Nature Reviews Rheumatology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2018-03-21
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Pages: 229-245
ISSN: 1759-4790 (ISSN-L)
1759-4804
DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2018.37
OpenAlex: W2794079760
Cited by: 236
References: 191
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 4
FWCI: 2.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Reviews Rheumatology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Spaceflight effects on biology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Effects of Vibration on Health
Keywords: spaceflight, skeletal changes, bone loss, bone adaptation, fluid shifts, bone matrix, musculoskeletal adaptation, energy metabolism, radiation stress, social isolation, immobilization, aging, deep space exploration
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Aging, Animals, Bone and Bones, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Psychomotor Performance, Space Flight, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Absorptiometry, Photon, Bone Density

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Skeletal changes during and after spaceflight

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