Cited by 182Phytoestrogen effects and researchEffects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicalsEstrogen and related hormone effects

Reproductive consequences of developmental phytoestrogen exposure

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Jefferson, Wendy N, Patisaul, Heather B, Williams, Carmen J·2012·Reproduction

Abstract

Phytoestrogens, estrogenic compounds derived from plants, are ubiquitous in human and animal diets. These chemicals are generally much less potent than estradiol but act via similar mechanisms. The most common source of phytoestrogen exposure to humans is soybean-derived foods that are rich in the isoflavones genistein and daidzein. These isoflavones are also found at relatively high levels in soy-based infant formulas. Phytoestrogens have been promoted as healthy alternatives to synthetic estrogens and are found in many dietary supplements. The aim of this review is to examine the evidence that phytoestrogen exposure, particularly in the developmentally sensitive periods of life, has consequences for future reproductive health.

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  • Evidence of endocrine disrupting properties of GEN dates back decades, and soy is well recognized as a hormonally active food.

    “Evidence of the endocrine disrupting properties of GEN dates back decades, and soy is so well recognized as a hormonally active food, that it is frequently advertised and promoted as such (15, 111–115).”

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  1. Wade PA Archer TK Epigenetics: environmental instructions for the genome Environ Health Perspect 2006 114 A140 141 16507439 PMC1392246

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Authors
Jefferson, W. N., Patisaul, H. B., & Williams, C. J.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
Williams, Carmen J
Venue
Reproduction
Published
2012-03-01
Volume
143
Issue
3
Pages
247-260
ISSN
  • 1470-1626 (ISSN-L)
  • 1741-7899
OpenAlex
W2119382214
Cited by
181
References
134
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 5
FWCI
2.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Reproduction (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (1z01es102405-01)
  • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES016001, Z01-ES102405, ZIAES102405)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Phytoestrogen effects and research
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
Keywords
phytoestrogens, isoflavones, genistein, daidzein, soybean, soy-based infant formula, early life exposure, reproductive health, endocrine disruptors, dietary supplements, estrogenic compounds
MeSH terms
Animals, Child Development, Diet, Humans, Infant, Infant Food, Infant, Newborn, Reproduction, Infant Formula, Phytoestrogens

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