Long noncoding RNAs: past, present, and future
Open accessAbstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained widespread attention in recent years as a potentially new and crucial layer of biological regulation. lncRNAs of all kinds have been implicated in a range of developmental processes and diseases, but knowledge of the mechanisms by which they act is still surprisingly limited, and claims that almost the entirety of the mammalian genome is transcribed into functional noncoding transcripts remain controversial. At the same time, a small number of well-studied lncRNAs have given us important clues about the biology of these molecules, and a few key functional and mechanistic themes have begun to emerge, although the robustness of these models and classification schemes remains to be seen. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of the lncRNA field, discussing what is known about the genomic contexts, biological functions, and mechanisms of action of lncRNAs. We also reflect on how the recent interest in lncRNAs is deeply rooted in biology's longstanding concern with the evolution and function of genomes.
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Altered lncRNA transcriptional levels are associated with a variety of genetic disorders ranging from monogenic to complex disorders.
“Numerous studies in the past several years showed that altered lncRNA transcriptional levels were associated with a variety of genetic disorders ranging from monogenic to complex disorders.[245]”
From RNA delivery biomaterials for the treatment of genetic and rare diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [245]
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- Authors
- Kung, J. T. Y., Colognori, D., & Lee, J. T.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Jeannie T
- Venue
- Genetics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-03-01
- Volume
- 193
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 651-669
- ISSN
- 0016-6731 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-2631
- PMC
- PMC3583990
- OpenAlex
- W2129375421
- Cited by
- 1,874
- References
- 269
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 102 · 2023: 121 · 2022: 188 · 2021: 251 · 2020: 220 · 2019: 208 · 2018: 205 · 2017: 165 · 2016: 127 · 2015: 95 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 27
- FWCI
- 8.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Genetics (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM090278, R37GM058839, R01GM058839)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Keywords
- long non-coding RNA, lncRNA classification, developmental regulation, disease regulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional, Transcription, Genetic, Evolution, Molecular, Epigenesis, Genetic, RNA, Long Noncoding
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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