Biochar affected by composting with farmyard manure
Abstract
Biochar applications to soils can improve soil fertility by increasing the soil's cation exchange capacity (CEC) and nutrient retention. Because biochar amendment may occur with the applications of organic fertilizers, we tested to which extent composting with farmyard manure increases CEC and nutrient content of charcoal and gasification coke. Both types of biochar absorbed leachate generated during the composting process. As a result, the moisture content of gasification coke increased from 0.02 to 0.94 g g, and that of charcoal increased from 0.03 to 0.52 g g. With the leachate, the chars absorbed organic matter and nutrients, increasing contents of water-extractable organic carbon (gasification coke: from 0.09 to 7.00 g kg; charcoal: from 0.03 to 3.52 g kg), total soluble nitrogen (gasification coke: from not detected to 705.5 mg kg; charcoal: from 3.2 to 377.2 mg kg), plant-available phosphorus (gasification coke: from 351 to 635 mg kg; charcoal: from 44 to 190 mg kg), and plant-available potassium (gasification coke: from 6.0 to 15.3 g kg; charcoal: from 0.6 to 8.5 g kg). The potential CEC increased from 22.4 to 88.6 mmol kg for the gasification coke and from 20.8 to 39.0 mmol kg for the charcoal. There were little if any changes in the contents and patterns of benzene polycarboxylic acids of the biochars, suggesting that degradation of black carbon during the composting process was negligible. The surface area of the biochars declined during the composting process due to the clogging of micropores by sorbed compost-derived materials. Interactions with composting substrate thus enhance the nutrient loads but alter the surface properties of biochars.
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Prost et al. showed that two different biochars embedded in compost showed non-linear increases in cation exchange capacity, water-extractable organic carbon and nutrient stocks over time, while black carbon content remained unchanged and both biochars were not degraded.
“Prost et al.39 showed that two different biochars, contained in meshbags and embedded in 1 m3 compost vessels, showed non-linear increases in the cation exchange capacity (CEC), water-extractable organic carbon and nutrient stocks in the biochar over time. The black carbon content of the biochar, a biochemical stability marker, remained unchanged; both biochars were not degraded39.”
From Plant growth improvement mediated by nitrate capture in co-composted biochar (2015) · cites this paper as [39]
The nitrogen (nitrate) loading observed in this study was considerably larger than that observed by Prost et al.
“However, the nitrogen (nitrate) loading observed here was considerably larger39.”
From Plant growth improvement mediated by nitrate capture in co-composted biochar (2015) · cites this paper as [39]
Biochar amendment during composting can improve the retention of N.
“These studies indicate that biochar amendment during composting can (i) adjust the CN-ratio and serve as a bulking agent (replacing e.g. wood chips)3335; (ii) improve the retention of N32,34,39; (iii) reduce the mobility of heavy metals (a positive effect if toxicity is reduced)3132; (iv) increase the formation of stable humic compounds3538, (v) suppress N2O emissions in sludge composting36, and (”
From Plant growth improvement mediated by nitrate capture in co-composted biochar (2015) · cites this paper as [39]
Composting clearly increased the DOC content of the biochar.
“Composting clearly increased the DOC content of the biochar (Fig. 3D), which was also observed by Prost et al.39; furthermore its surface characteristics changed as expected due to composting (Supplementary Fig. S1).”
From Plant growth improvement mediated by nitrate capture in co-composted biochar (2015) · cites this paper as [39]
In both blending with compost and co-composting, the porous biochar adsorptive surface sites are charged with nutrients, thereby stimulating microbial colonization, improving biochar surface reactivity through accelerated oxidative aging and promoting dissolved organic carbon (DOC) adsorption and coating.
“In both cases, the porous biochar adsorptive surface sites are charged with nutrients [18,19], thereby stimulating microbial colonization [20], improving biochar surface reactivity through accelerated oxidative aging [21,22] and promoting dissolved organic carbon (DOC) adsorption and coating [18,[23][24][25].”
From Fourfold increase in pumpkin yield in response to low-dosage root zone application of urine-enhanced biochar to a fertile tropical soil (2015) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- Prost, K., Borchard, N., Siemens, J., Kautz, T., Séquaris, J.-M., Möller, A., & Amelung, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Bonn (DE)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich (DE)
- Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Prost, Katharina
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Quality
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 164-172
- ISSN
- 0047-2425 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2023054374
- Cited by
- 180
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 12.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Environmental Quality (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- German Federal Institute for Geo-Science and Natural Resources
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Composting and Vermicomposting Techniques
- Keywords
- biochar, composting, farmyard manure, charcoal, cation exchange capacity, nutrient retention, water-extractable organic carbon, soluble nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, benzene polycarboxylic acids, surface area, soil amendment
- MeSH terms
- Fertilizers, Manure, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Soil
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