The Emerging Link Between Hypogonadism and Metabolic Syndrome

Guay, André T.

doi:10.2164/jandrol.108.006015

Cited by 50Hormonal and reproductive studiesDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsHypothalamic control of reproductive hormones

The Emerging Link Between Hypogonadism and Metabolic Syndrome

Open access

Guay, André T.·2009·Journal of Andrology

DOI 10.2164/jandrol.108.006015

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The metabolic syndrome (MS) is comprised of various medical conditions that confer increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The pathophysiologic components of MS include glucose abnormality, obesity or increased waist circumference, increased blood pressure, and hyperlipidemia. There is an increased risk of hypogonadism in men with MS and its individual components, including insulin resistance, considered by some to be at the core of MS. Hypogonadism may even predict MS. These factors are interwoven and impact overall health, including sexual dysfunction. One interesting and important question is whether treating hypogonadism with testosterone replacement will ameliorate the pathological components of MS.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2164/jandrol.108.006015

Cites

55 of 55 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The greatest impact of these endocrinological changes appears related to alterations in sex hormones (testosterone and androgens), growth hormone, and adipokines.
“The greatest impact of these changes appears to be related to alterations in sex hormone (i.e. testosterone and androgens), growth hormone, and a host of adipokines [29,34-46].”
From Diet, exercise or diet with exercise: comparing the effectiveness of treatment options for weight-loss and changes in fitness for adults (18–65 years old) who are overfat, or obese; systematic review and meta-analysis (2015) · cites this paper as [40]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Summary of the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II)
Grundy, S. M., Bilheimer, D. W., Chait, A., Clark, L. T., Denke, M. A., Havel, R. J., Hazzard, W. R., Hulley, S. B., Hunninghake, D. B., Kreisberg, R. A., et al. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.269.23.3015 · Cited by 27,944 · see citing works
Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
Expert Panel on Detection, E. (2001) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.285.19.2486 · Cited by 26,011 · see citing works
Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Among US Adults: Findings From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Ford, E. S., Giles, W. H., & Dietz, W. H. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.3.356 · Cited by 6,698 · see citing works
Comment on the provisional report from the WHO consultation
(1999) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00059.x · Cited by 1,820 · see citing works
Sex Differences of Endogenous Sex Hormones and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Ding, E. L., Song, Y., Malik, V. S., & Liu, S. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.11.1288 · Cited by 1,354 · see citing works
The metabolic syndrome: prevalence in worldwide populations
Cameron, A. J., Shaw, J. E., & Zimmet, P. (2004) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2004.03.005 · Cited by 1,000 · see citing works
Erectile Dysfunction and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease
Thompson, I. M. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.23.2996 · Cited by 883 · see citing works
Longitudinal changes in testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone in healthy older men
Morley, J. E., Kaiser, F. E., Perry, H. M., Patrick, P., Morley, P. M. K., Stauber, P. M., Vellas, B., Baumgartner, R. N., & Garry, P. J. (1997) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(97)90057-3 · Cited by 830 · see citing works
THE TROMSØ STUDY
Nilssen, O., Førde, O. H., & Brenn, T. (1990) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115661 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
Testosterone replacement therapy improves insulin resistance, glycaemic control, visceral adiposity and hypercholesterolaemia in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes
Kapoor, D., Goodwin, E., Channer, K. S., & Jones, T. H. (2006) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.1.02166 · Cited by 791 · see citing works
Prevalence of hypogonadism in males aged at least 45 years: the HIM study
MULLIGAN, T., FRICK, M. F., ZURAW, Q. C., STEMHAGEN, A., & MCWHIRTER, C. (2008) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.00992.x · Cited by 767 · see citing works
Prevalence of Symptomatic Androgen Deficiency in Men
Araujo, A. B., Esche, G. R., Kupelian, V., O’Donnell, A. B., Travison, T. G., Williams, R. E., Clark, R. V., & McKinlay, J. B. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1245 · Cited by 720 · see citing works
Association of Overweight With Increased Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Partly Independent of Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Levels<subtitle>A Meta-analysis of 21 Cohort Studies Including More Than 300 000 Persons</subtitle>
Bogers, R. P. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.16.1720 · Cited by 656 · see citing works
Prevalence and incidence of androgen deficiency in middle-aged and older men: estimates from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study
Araujo, A. B., O’Donnell, A. B., Brambilla, D. J., Simpson, W. B., Longcope, C., Matsumoto, A. M., & McKinlay, J. B. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031719 · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Visceral fat accumulation in men is positively associated with insulin, glucose, and C-peptide levels, but negatively with testosterone levels
Seidell, J. C., Björntorp, P., Sjöström, L., Kvist, H., & Sannerstedt, R. (1990) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(90)90297-p · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Low Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Total Testosterone, and Symptomatic Androgen Deficiency Are Associated with Development of the Metabolic Syndrome in Nonobese Men
Kupelian, V., Page, S. T., Araujo, A. B., Travison, T. G., Bremner, W. J., & McKinlay, J. B. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1326 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Leptin and Androgens in Male Obesity: Evidence for Leptin Contribution to Reduced Androgen Levels
Isidori, A. M., Caprio, M., Strollo, F., Moretti, C., Frajese, G., Isidori, A., & Fabbri, A. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.84.10.6082 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Increasing Insulin Resistance Is Associated with a Decrease in Leydig Cell Testosterone Secretion in Men
Pitteloud, N., Hardin, M., Dwyer, A. A., Valassi, E., Yialamas, M., Elahi, D., & Hayes, F. J. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-2190 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Insulin sensitivity during combined androgen blockade for prostate cancer
Smith, M. R., Lee, H., & Nathan, D. M. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-2507 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Clinical and Biochemical Assessment of Hypogonadism in Men With Type 2 Diabetes
Kapoor, D., Aldred, H., Clark, S., Channer, K. S., & Jones, T. H. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1426 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Relationship Between Testosterone Levels, Insulin Sensitivity, and Mitochondrial Function in Men
Pitteloud, N., Mootha, V. K., Dwyer, A. A., Hardin, M., Lee, H., Eriksson, K.-F., Tripathy, D., Yialamas, M., Groop, L., Elahi, D., et al. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.7.1636 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Prevalence and Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome in the San Antonio Heart and Framingham Offspring Studies
Meigs, J. B., Wilson, P. W. F., Nathan, D. M., D’Agostino, R. B., Williams, K., & Haffner, S. M. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.8.2160 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Endogenous sex hormones and metabolic syndrome in aging men
Muller, M., Grobbee, D. E., den Tonkelaar, I., Lamberts, S. W. J., & van der Schouw, Y. T. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1158 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Sex hormones, inflammation and the metabolic syndrome: a population-based study
Laaksonen, D., Niskanen, L., Punnonen, K., Nyyssonen, K., Tuomainen, T., Salonen, R., Rauramaa, R., & Salonen, J. (2003) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.1490601 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
The Relative Contributions of Aging, Health, and Lifestyle Factors to Serum Testosterone Decline in Men
Travison, T. G., Araujo, A. B., Kupelian, V., O’Donnell, A. B., & McKinlay, J. B. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1859 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Transient hypogonadotropic hypogonadism caused by critical illness
WOOLF, P. D., HAMILL, R. W., McDONALD, J. V., LEE, L. A., & KELLY, M. (1985) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-60-3-444 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Effect of obesity and body fat distribution on sex hormones and insulin in men
Pasquali, R., Casimirri, F., Cantobelli, S., Melchionda, N., Labate, A. M. M., Fabbri, R., Capelli, M., & Bortoluzzi, L. (1991) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(91)90199-7 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Association of Bioavailable, Free, and Total Testosterone With Insulin Resistance
Tsai, E. C., Matsumoto, A. M., Fujimoto, W. Y., & Boyko, E. J. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.4.861 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
The Metabolic Syndrome and Male Infertility
Kasturi, S. S., Tannir, J. R., & Brannigan, R. E. (2008) · Journal of Andrology · doi:10.2164/jandrol.107.003731 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Testosterone therapy prevents gain in visceral adipose tissue and loss of skeletal muscle in nonobese aging men
Allan, C. A., Strauss, B. J. G., Burger, H. G., Forbes, E. A., & McLachlan, R. I. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1291 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Testosterone suppression in men with prostate cancer leads to an increase in arterial stiffness and hyperinsulinaemia
Dockery, F., Bulpitt, C. J., AGARWAL, S., Donaldson, M., & Rajkumar, C. (2003) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20020209 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
The Dark Side of Testosterone Deficiency: I. Metabolic Syndrome and Erectile Dysfunction
Traish, A. M., Guay, A. T., Feeley, R. J., & Saad, F. (2008) · Journal of Andrology · doi:10.2164/jandrol.108.005215 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Self-citation
Psychobiologic correlates of the metabolic syndrome and associated sexual dysfunction.
Corona, G., Mannucci, E., Schulman, C., Petrone, L., Mansani, R., Cilotti, A., Balercia, G., Chiarini, V., Forti, G., & Maggi, M. (2006) · European Urology · doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2006.02.053 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
The Dark Side of Testosterone Deficiency: II. Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance
Traish, A. M., Saad, F., & Guay, A. (2009) · Journal of Andrology · doi:10.2164/jandrol.108.005751 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Self-citation
High Proportions of Erectile Dysfunction in Men With the Metabolic Syndrome
Esposito, K., Giugliano, F., Martedì, E., Feola, G., Marfella, R., D’Armiento, M., & Giugliano, D. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.5.1201 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
The Metabolic Syndrome and Smoking in Relation to Hypogonadism in Middle-Aged Men: A Prospective Cohort Study
Laaksonen, D. E., Niskanen, L., Punnonen, K., Nyyssönen, K., Tuomainen, T.-P., Valkonen, V.-P., & Salonen, J. T. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0970 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Waist Circumference and Testosterone Levels in Community Dwelling Men. The Tromsø Study
Svartberg, J., von Mühlen, D., Sundsfjord, J., & Jorde, R. (2004) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1023/b:ejep.0000036809.30558.8f · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Aging, Androgens, and the Metabolic Syndrome in a Longitudinal Study of Aging
Rodríguez, A., Muller, D. C., Metter, E. J., Maggio, M. G., Harman, S. M., Blackman, M. R., & Andres, R. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2764 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Are androgens critical for penile erections in humans? Examining the clinical and preclinical evidence
Traish, A. M., & Guay, A. T. (2006) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00245.x · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Age Related Decrease in Testosterone is Significantly Exacerbated in Obese Men With the Metabolic Syndrome. What are the Implications for the Relatively High Incidence of Erectile Dysfunction Observed in These Men?
Kaplan, S. A., Meehan, A. G., & Shah, A. K. (2006) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.juro.2006.06.003 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BMI, TOTAL TESTOSTERONE, SEX HORMONE-BINDING-GLOBULIN, LEPTIN, INSULIN AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN OBESE MEN
Osuna C., J. A., Gómez-Pérez, R., Arata-Bellabarba, G., & Villaroel, V. (2006) · Archives of Andrology · doi:10.1080/01485010600692017 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Androgen deficiency, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome in men
Kalyani, R. R., & Dobs, A. S. (2007) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0b013e32814db856 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Contribution of age and declining androgen levels to features of the metabolic syndrome in men
Blouin, K., Després, J., Couillard, C., Tremblay, A., Prud’homme, D., Bouchard, C., & Tchernof, A. (2005) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2005.03.006 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance in a Population with Organic Erectile Dysfunction
Bansal, T. C., Guay, A. T., Jacobson, J., Woods, B. O., & Nesto, R. W. (2005) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2005.20120.x · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citation
A Dose‐Response Study of Testosterone on Sexual Dysfunction and Features of the Metabolic Syndrome Using Testosterone Gel and Parenteral Testosterone Undecanoate
Saad, F., Gooren, L. J., Haider, A., & Yassin, A. (2008) · Journal of Andrology · doi:10.2164/jandrol.107.002774 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Is the Metabolic Syndrome an Independent Risk Factor for Erectile Dysfunction?
Heidler, S., Temml, C., Brössner, C., Mock, K., Rauchenwald, M., Stephan Madersbacher, A., & Ponholzer, A. (2007) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.juro.2006.09.043 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in erectile dysfunction.
Walczak, M. K., Lokhandwala, N., Hodge, M. B., & Guay, A. T. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citation
Seasonal Variation of Testosterone and Waist to Hip Ratio in Men: The Tromsø Study
Svartberg, J. B., Jorde, R., Sundsfjord, J., Bønaa, K. H., & Barrett-Connor, E. L. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021878 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Effects of androgen deprivation on glycaemic control and on cardiovascular biochemical risk factors in men with advanced prostate cancer with diabetes
Haidar, A., Yassin, A. A., Saad, F., & Shabsigh, R. (2007) · The Aging Male · doi:10.1080/13685530701653538 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Testosterone Levels, the Metabolic Syndrome (by Two Criteria), and Insulin Resistance in a Population of Men with Organic Erectile Dysfunction
Guay, A. T., & Jacobson, J. (2007) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00530.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citation
Interrelationships among Lipoprotein Levels, Sex Hormones, Anthropometric Parameters, and Age in Hypogonadal Men Treated for 1 Year with a Permeation-Enhanced Testosterone Transdermal System1
Dobs, A. S., Bachorik, P. S., Arver, S., Meikle, A. W., Sanders, S. W., Caramelli, K. E., & Mazer, N. A. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.3.7285 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Androgen Deficiency and Abnormal Penile Duplex Parameters in Obese Men with Erectile Dysfunction
Zohdy, W., Kamal, E., & Ibrahim, Y. (2007) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00499.x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Interrelationships among Lipoprotein Levels, Sex Hormones, Anthropometric Parameters, and Age in Hypogonadal Men Treated for 1 Year with a Permeation-Enhanced Testosterone Transdermal System
Dobs, A. S. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.86.3.1026 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Penile Oxygen Saturation in the Flaccid and Erect Penis in Men With and Without Erectile Dysfunction
Padmanabhan, P., & McCullough, A. (2007) · Journal of Andrology · doi:10.2164/jandrol.106.001313 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The Dark Side of Testosterone Deficiency: II. Type 2 Diabetes & Insulin Resistance Short Running Title: Testosterone deficiency, Insulin Resistance & Type 2 Diabetes
Traish, A. M., Saad, F., & Guay, A. T. (2008) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 56 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Zhody W, Kamal EE, Ibrahim Y. Androgen deficiency and hormonal duplex parametersinobesemenwitherectiledysfunction.JSexMed.2007;4:797-808.

Sorted by citations

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Comprehensive Clinical Practice Guidelines For Medical Care of Patients with Obesity
Garvey, W. T., Mechanick, J. I., Brett, E. M., Garber, A. J., Hurley, D. L., Jastreboff, A. M., Nadolsky, K., Pessah-Pollack, R., & Plodkowski, R. (2016) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep161365.gl · Cited by 1,914 · see citing works
Prevalence of ‘obesity-associated gonadal dysfunction’ in severely obese men and women and its resolution after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Escobar-Morreale, H. F., Santacruz, E., Luque‐Ramírez, M., & Botella-Carretero, J. I. (2017) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmx012 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Diet, exercise or diet with exercise: comparing the effectiveness of treatment options for weight-loss and changes in fitness for adults (18–65 years old) who are overfat, or obese; systematic review and meta-analysis
Clark, J. E. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40200-015-0154-1 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
“testosterone and androgens), growth hormone, and a host of adipokines [29,34-46].”
Background
Opioid use for noncancer pain and risk of myocardial infarction amongst adults
Li, L., Setoguchi, S., Cabral, H., & Jick, S. S. (2013) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12035 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
The Role of Testosterone in the Elderly: What Do We Know?
Barone, B., Napolitano, L., Abate, M., Cirillo, L., Reccia, P., Passaro, F., Turco, C., Morra, S., Mastrangelo, F., Scarpato, A., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23073535 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
“In addition, those phenomena could be further accelerated and influenced by the co-occurrence of different morbidities, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and obesity [23,24].”
Background
Urological aspects of the metabolic syndrome
Hammarsten, J., & Peeker, R. (2011) · Nature Reviews Urology · doi:10.1038/nrurol.2011.112 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“A link between the metabolic syndrome and hypogonadism has been suggested”
Background
Testosterone and the aging male: To treat or not to treat?
Bain, J. (2010) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.01.009 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Male Obesity-Associated Secondary Hypogonadism: Comparison of Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass with Restrictive Procedures
Calderón, B., Sanz-Pastor, A. G., Calañas, A., Peromingo, R., Galindo, J., García‐Moreno, F., Velasco, G. R., Martín‐Hidalgo, A., Vázquez, C., Escobar-Morreale, H. F., et al. (2014) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-014-1233-y · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“Decreased testosterone concentrations in men have been found not only in obesity but also in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in association with the metabolic syndrome [19–21].”
Background
Prostate Cancer and Metabolic Syndrome: Is there a link?
McGrowder, D. A., Jackson, L. A., & Crawford, T. V. (2012) · Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.1.001 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men, surpassed only by non-melanoma (Reis et al., 2009; Gugliotta et al., 2008).”
Background
Effect of the metabolic syndrome on male reproductive function: a case-controlled pilot study
Leisegang, K., Udodong, A., Bouic, P. J., & Henkel, R. (2012) · Andrologia · doi:10.1111/and.12060 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“In adult males, MetS correlates with reduced serum testosterone concentrations and raised gonadotropins, thus reflecting primary hypogonadism (Kupelian et al., 2006; Guay, 2009; Saad & Gooren, 2009).”
Background
Effect of 12 months of testosterone replacement therapy on metabolic syndrome components in hypogonadal men: data from the Testim Registry in the US (TRiUS)
Bhattacharya, R. K., Khera, M., Blick, G., Kushner, H., Nguyen, D., & Miner, M. M. (2011) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/1472-6823-11-18 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Evidence suggests that there may be a bidirectional, physiological link between hypogonadism and MetS [4].”
Background
Circulating free testosterone in obese men after bariatric surgery increases in parallel with insulin sensitivity
Botella-Carretero, J. I., Balsa, J., Gómez-Martín, J. M., Peromingo, R., Huerta, L., Carrasco, M., Arrieta, F., Zamarrón, I., Martín-Hidalgo, A., & Vázquez, C. (2013) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.3275/8469 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Aging
Justina, V. D., Miguez, J. S., Priviero, F. B. M., Sullivan, J. C., Giachini, F. R. C., & Webb, R. C. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2021.725884 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“However, hypogonadism is related to augmented cardiovascular risk (Guay, 2009).”
Background
Androgens, aging, and prostate health
Welén, K., & Damber, J. (2022) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-022-09730-z · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“It is well known that T2DM, linked to both obesity and LOH [108], is associated with a lower number of incident PC [109, 110].”
Background
Insulinooporność w chorobach endokrynnych — sposoby terapii
Rogowicz‐Frontczak, A., Majchrzak, A., & Zozulińska‐Ziółkiewicz, D. (2017) · Endokrynologia Polska · doi:10.5603/ep.2017.0026 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Metabolic syndrome and the effect of testosterone treatment in young men with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Sönmez, A., Haymana, C., Bolu, E., Aydoğdu, A., Tapan, S., Serdar, M. A., Altun, B., Barçın, C., Taşlıpınar, A., Meriç, C., et al. (2011) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-10-0951 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Association between testosterone levels and the metabolic syndrome in adult men
Grosman, H., Rosales, M., Fabre, B. R., Nolazco, C., Mazza, O., Berg, G. A., & Mesch, V. (2014) · The Aging Male · doi:10.3109/13685538.2014.913561 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“It has also been described that the components of the MS are related to sex hormone levels and hypogonadism [7].”
BackgroundInfluential
Resveratrol appears to protect against oxidative stress and steroidogenesis collapse in mice fed high-calorie and high-cholesterol diet
Wang, H.-J., Wang, Q., Lv, Z., Wang, C.-L., Li, C.-P., & Rong, Y.-L. (2014) · Andrologia · doi:10.1111/and.12231 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients
Marini, B. L., Choi, S. W., Byersdorfer, C. A., Cronin, S. M., & Frame, D. G. (2014) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.10.027 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Finally, post-transplant endocrine complications, including hypogonadism and hypothyroidism, are well known to contribute to dyslipidemia [40,41].”
Androgen-Regulated Cardiac Metabolism in Aging Men
Barrientos, G. C., Llanos, P., Basualto-Alarcón, C., & Estrada, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00316 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Additionally to testosterone reduction in elderly men, low concentrations of testosterone are also found in late-onset hypogonadism, reduction of testicular volume and malfunction of the androgen production machinery, systemic accelerated testosterone metabolism and expression of defective androgen receptors (24, 25,…”
Background
Androgen Deficiency in Aging and Metabolically Challenged Men
Shelton, J. B., & Rajfer, J. (2011) · Urologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2011.09.007 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
An overview of the contribution of fatness and fitness factors, and the role of exercise, in the formation of health status for individuals who are overweight
Clark, J. E. (2012) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1186/2251-6581-11-19 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Testosterone/Adrenal Androgens [72-82] Testes Adrenal Cortex Skeletal Muscle (hypertrophy, add contractile tissue)”
Background
Interleukin-18 and testosterone levels in men with metabolic syndrome
Angelova, P., Kamenov, Z. A., Tsakova, A. D., El‐Darawish, Y., & Okamura, H. (2017) · The Aging Male · doi:10.1080/13685538.2017.1401993 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“It is assumed that the more parameters are abnormal, the lower levels of testosterone would be measured [30].”
Background
The Impact of Obesity on Benign and Malignant Urologic Conditions
Chu, K. F., Rotker, K. L., & ELLSWORTH, P. I. (2013) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.3810/pgm.2013.07.2679 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy in men with metabolic syndrome
Kwon, Y. S., Leapman, M., McBride, R. B., Hobbs, A. R., Collingwood, S. A., Stensland, K. D., & Samadi, D. B. (2013) · Urologic Oncology Seminars and Original Investigations · doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.04.008 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Despite the association of diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia with erectile dysfunction, we did not detect worse functional outcomes in men with MetS [8–10].”
Background
Depression in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Li, H., Ruan, Y., & Y-Hua, L. (2010) · International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries · doi:10.4103/0973-3930.62601 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“ED and depression perhaps make up a vicious cycle and damage the quality of life.[14]”
Background
Testosterone Deficiency in Men
(2008) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780199545131.001.0001 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Aerobic Exercise Training Attenuates Obesity-Related Hypogonadism in Male Rats
You, T., DiSanzo, B., & Arsenis, N. C. (2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318285816c · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Metabolic Syndrome and Aggressive Prostate Cancer at Initial Diagnosis
Francesco, S. D., & Tenaglia, R. L. (2017) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0043-109866 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Low-dose testosterone alleviates vascular damage caused by castration in male rats in puberty via modulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Zhao, J., Liu, G., Wei, Y., Jiang, L.-H., Bao, P., & Yang, Q. (2016) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2016.5562 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Previous studies have shown that testosterone replacement can ameliorate the pathological components of metabolism syndrome, however, adverse effects may occur in the presence of excessive administration (26,27).”
Background
The inter-relational effect of metabolic syndrome and sexual dysfunction on hypogonadism in type II diabetic men
Amidu, N., Owiredu, W. K. B. A., Gyasi-Sarpong, C. K., Alidu, H. W., Antuamwine, B. B., & Sarpong, C. (2017) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/ijir.2017.6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Physical Inactivity, Metabolic Syndrome and Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: Development of a Predicting Nomogram
Nunzio, C. D., Brassetti, A., Cancrini, F., Prata, F., Cindolo, L., Sountoulides, P., Toutziaris, C., Gacci, M., Lombardo, R., Cicione, A. M., et al. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13010111 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“However, a strong epidemiologic association between hypogonadism, MetS and its features was recently observed [56].”
Background
Gonadal function in young adult males with metabolic syndrome
Choudhury, B. K., Choudhury, S. D., Saikia, U. K., & Sarma, D. (2013) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2013.06.013 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Relationship between serum testosterone levels and features of the metabolic syndrome defining criteria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Ogbera, A. O. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Penile Ultrasound
Rais‐Bahrami, S., & Gilbert, B. R. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7744-0_5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Recognising late-onset hypogonadism: a difficult task for sexual health care
Corona, G., Ferruccio, N., Morittu, S., Forti, G., & Maggi, M. (2009) · Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1016/j.jomh.2009.05.002 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The effect of obesity and components of metabolic syndrome on urinary and sexual functions in Saudi men
Mosli, H. A. M., Mosli, & Bokhari (2013) · Research and Reports in Urology · doi:10.2147/rru.s43925 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Apelin and Testosterone Levels in Men with Metabolic Syndrome
Angelova, P., Kamenov, Z. A., & Tsakova, A. D. (2014) · Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases · doi:10.4236/ojemd.2014.42004 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Association of Erectile Dysfunction and Hypogonadism with Metabolic Syndrome in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms of Younger and Older Age Groups
Novikova, E., Selyatitskaya, V. G., Митрофанов, И. М., Pinkhasov, B. B., & Karapetyan, A. R. (2014) · Advances in Sexual Medicine · doi:10.4236/asm.2014.44009 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“In the literature review [36], the authors discuss individual components of the mutual influence of androgen deficiency and MetS without singling out the initial element of this relationship.”
Background
Valoración de niveles de testosterona mediante diferentes métodos analíticos en varones sanos
Pérez, C. S., & Pérez, J. Á. D. (2010) · Endocrinología y Nutrición · doi:10.1016/j.endonu.2010.04.006 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Heart Transplant, Kawasaki Disease, and Bone Marrow Transplant: Are There Consequences?
Yohannan, T. (2022) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-022-00997-w · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Male partial hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with gynaecomastia and metabolic syndrome.
Ahsan, T., & Banu, Z. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Penile Ultrasound
Rais‐Bahrami, S., & Gilbert, B. R. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-351-6_7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Influência dos níveis séricos de IGF-I e de testosterona sobre o perfil lipídico e glicêmico em homens acromegálicos
Figueiredo, P. R. L., Martins, M. R. A., Montenegro, R. M., Albano, M. F., & Montenegro, R. M. (2009) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia · doi:10.1590/s0004-27302009000800018
Association between androgen deficiency and metabolic syndrome in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Mohieldein, A., Alzohairy, M. A., & Hasan, M. (2014) · International Journal of Biomedical Research · doi:10.7439/ijbr.v5i3.535
Androgen deficiency in males
Farrell, J. A. B., Deshmukh, A., & Baghaie, A. A. (2010) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1586/eem.09.59
Late-Onset Hypogonadism in Male Patients Over 60 Years of Age with Metabolic Syndrome
Kara, E., Çelik, Ö., Kadıoğlu, A., & Kadıoğlu, P. (2013) · Endocrinology research and practice. · doi:10.4274/tjem.2104
“The close association between hypogonadism and MS has been the focus of numerous studies (4).”
Background
Testosterone and the aging male: To treat or not to treat?
Baina, J. (2010)
Current World Literature
(2010) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0b013e328339f31e
Penile Ultrasound
Rais‐Bahrami, S., Richards, G. D., & Gilbert, B. R. (2016) · Current clinical urology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43868-9_7

The complex association between metabolic syndrome and male hypogonadism
Dimopoulou, C., Goulis, D. G., Corona, G., & Maggi, M. (2018) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2018.03.024 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The role of hypogonadism correction in metabolic syndrome treatment in men: clinical case report
Tishova, Y. A., Mskhalaya, G., Kalinchenko, S. Y., Tishova, Y., Mskhalaya, G., & Kalinchenko, S. Y. (2009) · Obesity and metabolism · doi:10.14341/2071-8713-5317 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
HYPOGONADISM AND METABOLIC SYNDROME: IMPLICATIONS FOR TESTOSTERONE THERAPY
Makhsida, N., Shah, J. B., YAN, G., Fisch, H., & Shabsigh, R. (2005) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000169490.78443.59 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome: review and update
Berg, W. T., & Miner, M. M. (2020) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000582 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Certain Metabolic Syndrome Component Combinations are Linked to Increased Risk of Hypogonadism in Taiwanese Men
Hong, Y.-H., Hung, K.-C., Lin, C., Hung, C.-L., Tu, S.-K., Yang, D., & Liao, C. (2025) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s483344

Authors: Guay, A. T.
Affiliations: Lahey Hospital and Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Guay, André T.
Venue: Journal of Andrology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2009-07-08
Volume: 30
Issue: 4
Pages: 370-376
ISSN: 0196-3635 (ISSN-L)
1939-4640
DOI: 10.2164/jandrol.108.006015
OpenAlex: W2159284451
Cited by: 50
References: 56
Citations by year: 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 0.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 1274 d)
Locations: Journal of Andrology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Keywords: hypogonadism, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, testosterone replacement therapy, sexual dysfunction, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes risk, cardiovascular risk, male hypogonadism
MeSH terms: Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hypogonadism, Erectile Dysfunction, Insulin Resistance, Male, Obesity, Risk Factors, Testosterone, Metabolic Syndrome

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Emerging Link Between Hypogonadism and Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks