CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 219Nitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsCardiovascular and exercise physiologyExercise and Physiological Responses

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 275 of the 277 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Exercise, Vascular Wall and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update (Part 1)

Leung, Fung Ping, Yung, Lai Ming, Laher, Ismail, Yao, Xiaoqiang, Chen, Zhen Yu, Huang, Yu·2008·Sports Medicine
DOI 10.2165/00007256-200838120-00005
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and premature mortality in both women and men in most industrialized countries, and has for some time also established a prominent role in developing nations. In fact, obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension are now commonplace even in children and youths. Regular exercise is rapidly gaining widespread advocacy as a preventative measure in schools, medical circles and in the popular media. There is overwhelming evidence garnered from a number of sources, including epidemiological, prospective cohort and intervention studies, suggesting that CVD is largely a disease associated with physical inactivity. A rapidly advancing body of human and animal data confirms an important beneficial role for exercise in the prevention and treatment of CVD. In Part 1 of this review we discuss the impact of exercise on CVD, and we highlight the effects of exercise on (i) endothelial function by regulation of endothelial genes mediating oxidative metabolism, inflammation, apoptosis, cellular growth and proliferation, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1, down-regulation of p67phox, changes in intracellular calcium level, increased vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), expression and eNOS Ser-1177 phosphorylation; (ii) vascular smooth muscle function by either an increased affinity of the Ca2+ extrusion mechanism or an augmented Ca2+ buffering system by the superficial sarcoplasmic reticulum to increase Ca2+ sequestration, increase in K+ channel activity and/or expression, and increase in L-type Ca2+ current density; (iii) antioxidant systems by elevation of Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD and catalase, increases in glutathione peroxidase activity and activation of vascular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [(NAD(P)H] oxidase and p22phox expression; (iv) heat shock protein (HSP) expression by stimulating HSP70 expression in myocardium, skeletal muscle and even in human leucocytes, probably through heat shock transcription factor 1 activity; (v) inflammation by reducing serum inflammatory cytokines such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hCRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha and by regulating Toll-like receptor 4 pathway. Exercise also alters vascular remodelling, which involves two forms of vessel growth including angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. Angiogenesis refers to the formation of new capillary networks. Arteriogenesis refers to the growth of pre-existent collateral arterioles leading to formation of large conductance arteries that are well capable to compensate for the loss of function of occluded arteries. Another aim of this review is to focus on exercise-related cardiovascular protection against CVD and associated risk factors such as aging, coronary heart disease, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes mellitus and peripheral arterial diseases mediated by vascular remodelling. Lastly, this review examines the benefits of exercise in mitigating pre-eclampsia during pregnancy by mechanisms that include improved blood flow, reduced blood pressure, enhanced placental growth and vascularity, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, reduced oxidative stress and restored vascular endothelial dysfunction.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2165/00007256-200838120-00005

Cites

275 of 275 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

1 retracted

Research works printed but not linked: 18

  1. Leon, 1987, JAMA, 258, 2388, 10.1001/jama.1987.03400170074026 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Henrion, 2005, Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss, 98, 913
  3. Jen, 2005, Chin J Physiol, 48, 79
  4. Woodman, 1997, Am J Physiol, 273, H2575
  5. McAllister, 1995, Am J Physiol, 269, H1949
  6. Bowles, 2000, Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 28, 57
  7. Reddy Avula, 1999, Aging, 11, 246
  8. Locke, 1995, Am J Physiol, 269, H320
  9. Libby, 2001, Am J Cardiol, 88, 3J
  10. Pedersen, 2002, Int J Sports Med, 1, S4
  11. Bloor, 1970, Lab Invest, 22, 160
  12. Dimmeler, 1998, Eur Cytokine Netw, 9, 697
  13. Blair, 1996, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 28, 335
  14. Remijnse-Tamerius, 1999, Int Angiol, 18, 103
  15. Andreozzi, 2007, Int Angiol, 26, 12
  16. 1996, ACOG Tech Bull, 219, 1
  17. Rajkovic, 1999, Obstet Gynecol, 94, 355
  18. Meher, 2006, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, &NA;, CD005942

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 219

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Leung, F. P., Yung, L. M., Laher, I., Yao, X., Chen, Z. Y., & Huang, Y.
Affiliations
  • Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
  • University of British Columbia (CA)
ORCID
Venue
Sports Medicine
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2008
Volume
38
Issue
12
Pages
1009-1024
ISSN
0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.2165/00007256-200838120-00005
OpenAlex
W2022629841
Cited by
219
References
277
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 22
FWCI
2.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords
physical activity, cardiovascular disease, endothelial function, vascular smooth muscle, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, heat shock proteins, inflammation, TLR4, vascular remodeling, angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, superoxide dismutase, NADPH oxidase, p22phox, vascular calcification, physical inactivity
MeSH terms
Antioxidants, Cardiovascular Diseases, Endothelium, Vascular, Female, Heat-Shock Proteins, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, Exercise, Neovascularization, Physiologic

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review