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Meganucleases and Other Tools for Targeted Genome Engineering: Perspectives and Challenges for Gene Therapy

Open access
Silva, George, Poirot, Laurent, Galetto, Roman, Smith, Julianne, Montoya, Guillermo, Duchateau, Philippe, Paques, Frederic·2011·Current Gene Therapy

Abstract

The importance of safer approaches for gene therapy has been underscored by a series of severe adverse events (SAEs) observed in patients involved in clinical trials for Severe Combined Immune Deficiency Disease (SCID) and Chromic Granulomatous Disease (CGD). While a new generation of viral vectors is in the process of replacing the classical gamma-retrovirus – based approach, a number of strategies have emerged based on non-viral vectorization and/or targeted insertion aimed at achieving safer gene transfer. Currently, these methods display lower efficacies than viral transduction although many of them can yield more than 1% engineered cells in vitro. Nuclease-based approaches, wherein an endonuclease is used to trigger site-specific genome editing, can significantly increase the percentage of targeted cells. These methods therefore provide a real alternative to classical gene transfer as well as gene editing. However, the first endonuclease to be in clinic today is not used for gene transfer, but to inactivate a gene (CCR5) required for HIV infection. Here, we review these alternative approaches, with a special emphasis on meganucleases, a family of naturally occurring rare-cutting endonucleases, and speculate on their current and future potential. Keywords: Homing endonuclease, Zinc-finger nuclease, Recombinase, Transposons, gene transfer, protein engineering, viral vector, Severe Combined Immune Deficiency Disease, Chromic Granulomatous Disease, transposases, Streptomyces phage, human embryonic stem, pluripotent stem, chimeric antibody receptor, Zinc-finger nucleases, Activator Like Effectors, pseudo-symmetric, meganucleases, protein-protein interactions, single-strand annealing, leukemia, Adeno-Associated Virus, Haematopoietic Stem Cell, Triplex-Forming Oligonucleotides, Zinc-Finger Protein

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Metadata

Authors
Silva, G., Poirot, L., Galetto, R., Smith, J., Montoya, G., Duchateau, P., & Paques, F.
Venue
Current Gene Therapy
Published
2011-02-01
Volume
11
Issue
1
Pages
11-27
ISSN
1566-5232 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2142068612
Cited by
410
References
18
FWCI
9.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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