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Feasibility and Acceptability of a Wearable Technology Physical Activity Intervention With Telephone Counseling for Mid-Aged and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: As adults age, their physical activity decreases and sedentary behavior increases, leading to increased risk of negative health outcomes. Wearable electronic activity monitors have shown promise for delivering effective behavior change techniques. However, little is known about the feasibility and acceptability of non-Fitbit wearables (Fitbit, Inc, San Francisco, California) combined with telephone counseling among adults aged more than 55 years. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and effect on physical activity of an intervention combining a wearable physical activity monitor, tablet device, and telephone counseling among adults aged 55-79 years. METHODS: Adults (N=40, aged 55-79 years, body mass index=25-35, <60 min of activity per week) were randomized to receive a 12-week intervention or to a wait list control. Intervention participants received a Jawbone Up24 monitor, a tablet with the Jawbone Up app installed, and brief weekly telephone counseling. Participants set daily and weekly step goals and used the monitor's idle alert to notify them when they were sedentary for more than 1 h. Interventionists provided brief counseling once per week by telephone. Feasibility was measured using observation and study records, and acceptability was measured by self-report using validated items. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured using ActivPAL monitors following standard protocols. Body composition was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans, and fitness was measured using a 6-min walk test. RESULTS: Participants were 61.48 years old (SD 5.60), 85% (34/40) female, 65% (26/40) white. Average activity monitor wear time was 81.85 (SD 3.73) of 90 days. Of the 20 Up24 monitors, 5 were reported broken and 1 lost. No related adverse events were reported. Acceptability items were rated at least 4 on a scale of 1-5. Effect sizes for most outcomes were small, including stepping time per day (d=0.35), steps per day (d=0.26), sitting time per day (d=0.21), body fat (d=0.17), and weight (d=0.33). CONCLUSIONS: The intervention was feasible and acceptable in this population. Effect sizes were similar to the sizes found using other wearable electronic activity monitors, indicating that when combined with telephone counseling, wearable activity monitors are a potentially effective tool for increasing physical activity and decreasing sedentary behavior. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01869348; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01869348 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6odlIolqy).
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“Less time was spent in sedentary behavior for those receiving a consumer-based wearable activity tracker intervention compared with control groups; however, the finding was not significant, and the quality of the evidence was graded as very low [29,31-33,37-40].”
From Consumer-based wearable activity trackers increase physical activity participation: systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [40]
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“Moreover, 17 studies reported activity tracker adherence data [21,22,30,32,34,35, 37,38,40,41,43-45,50-52,54], with 13 of these studies [21,22,30,34,35,40,41,43,44,50-52,54] reporting activity tracker wear on at least 50% of the study intervention days.”
From Consumer-based wearable activity trackers increase physical activity participation: systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [40]
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“One other study [40] utilized the idle alert feature of the consumer-based wearable activity tracker.”
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“Previous studies [39,40] have reported a greater effect of longer interventions compared to shorter ones [41].”
From Impact of a primary care-based mobile health intervention to ‘sit less and move more’ on HbA1c, blood pressure, and other clinical outcomes in office employees with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial (2025) · cites this paper as [40]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lyons, E. J., Swartz, M. C., Lewis, Z. H., Martinez, E., & Jennings, K.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lyons, Elizabeth J
- Venue
- JMIR mhealth and uhealth
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2017-03-06
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e28
- ISSN
- 2291-5222 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5359416
- OpenAlex
- W2592364118
- Cited by
- 220
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 16.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- JMIR mhealth and uhealth (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P30AG024832)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
- Keywords
- wearable activity trackers, physical activity interventions, telephone counseling, sedentary behavior, step goals, feasibility and acceptability, body composition, weight loss, tablets, behaviour change techniques, 6-minute walk test, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, body mass index
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