Metabolic Effects of Aerobic Training and Resistance Training in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects
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OBJECTIVE: To assess differences between the effects of aerobic and resistance training on HbA1c (primary outcome) and several metabolic risk factors in subjects with type 2 diabetes, and to identify predictors of exercise-induced metabolic improvement. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Type 2 diabetic patients (n = 40) were randomly assigned to aerobic training or resistance training. Before and after 4 months of intervention, metabolic phenotypes (including HbA1c, glucose clamp–measured insulin sensitivity, and oral glucose tolerance test–assessed β-cell function), body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscular strength were measured. RESULTS: After training, increase in peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) was greater in the aerobic group (time-by-group interaction P = 0.045), whereas increase in strength was greater in the resistance group (time-by-group interaction P < 0.0001). HbA1c was similarly reduced in both groups (−0.40% [95% CI −0.61 to −0.18] vs. −0.35% [−0.59 to −0.10], respectively). Total and truncal fat, VAT, and SAT were also similarly reduced in both groups, whereas insulin sensitivity and lean limb mass were similarly increased. β-Cell function showed no significant changes. In multivariate analyses, improvement in HbA1c after training was independently predicted by baseline HbA1c and by changes in VO2peak and truncal fat. CONCLUSIONS: Resistance training, similarly to aerobic training, improves metabolic features and insulin sensitivity and reduces abdominal fat in type 2 diabetic patients. Changes after training in VO2peak and truncal fat may be primary determinants of exercise-induced metabolic improvement.
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In the RAED2 trial, after 4 months A1c decreased by 0.4% in the aerobic group and by 0.35% in the resistance group.
“After 4 months, A1c decreased by 0.4% in the aerobic group and by 0.35% in the resistance group.”
From The Impact of Physical Activity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
Studies do not appear to show a meaningful difference in glycemic control between aerobic and resistance exercise.
“Studies do not appear to show any meaningful difference in glycemic control with aerobic vs resistance exercise”
From The Impact of Physical Activity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Bacchi, E., Negri, C., Zanolin, M. E., Milanese, C., Faccioli, N., Trombetta, M., Zoppini, G., Cevese, A., Bonadonna, R. C., Schena, F., Bonora, E., Lanza, M., & Moghetti, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Verona (IT)
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Moghetti, Paolo
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2012-03-13
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 676-682
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC3308269
- OpenAlex
- W2169312890
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 12.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Verona
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, aerobic exercise, resistance training, HbA1c, glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, visceral adipose tissue, truncal fat, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Combined Modality Therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Eating, Exercise Therapy, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Physical Fitness, Exercise, Resistance Training
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