Resistance Exercise Intensity is Correlated with Attenuation of HbA1c and Insulin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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We investigated the influence of resistance exercise (RE) with different intensities on HbA1c, insulin and blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Diabetes trials that compared RE group with a control were included in meta-analysis. Exercise intensities were categorized into low-to-moderate-intensity and high-intensity subgroups. Intensity effect on glycemic control was determined by meta-regression analysis, and risk-of-bias was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration tool. 24 trials met the inclusion criteria, comprised of 962 patients of exercise (n = 491) and control (n = 471). Meta-regression analysis showed decreased HbA1c (p = 0.006) and insulin (p = 0.015) after RE was correlated with intensity. Subgroup analysis revealed decreased HbA1c was greater with high intensity (−0.61; 95% CI −0.90, −0.33) than low-to-moderate intensity (−0.23; 95% CI −0.41, −0.05). Insulin levels were significantly decreased only with high intensity (−4.60; 95% CI −7.53, −1.67), not with low-to-moderate intensity (0.07; 95% CI −3.28, 3.42). Notably, values between the subgroups were statistically significant for both HbA1c (p = 0.03) and insulin (p = 0.04), indicative of profound benefits of high-intensity RE. Pooled outcomes of 15 trials showed only a decreased trend in blood glucose with RE (p = 0.09), and this tendency was not associated with intensity. Our meta-analysis provides additional evidence that high-intensity RE has greater beneficial effects than low-to-moderate-intensity in attenuation of HbA1c and insulin in T2D patients.
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No previous meta-analysis has found the optimal type or dose of physical activity to control HbA1c in type 2 diabetes.
“none found the optimal type or dose of physical activity to verify the validity and reliability of these recommendations”
From Optimal Dose and Type of Physical Activity to Improve Glycemic Control in People Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [11]
The Introduction says no previous meta-analysis had compared resistance-exercise intensities for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. That supports a narrower point than the claim: the paper does not say that no meta-analysis had found the optimal type or dose of physical activity generally, or address verification of the recommendations’ validity and reliability. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHigh-intensity resistance training improves A1c by 0.61%, while low-to-moderate intensity resistance training improves A1c by only 0.23%.
“a recent metanalysis showed improvement in A1c by 0.61% with high intensity resistance training and by only 0.23% with low-moderate intensity resistance training.”
From The Impact of Physical Activity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2025) · cites this paper as [45]
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- Authors
- Liu, Y., Ye, W., Chen, Q., Zhang, Y., Kuo, C.-H., & Korivi, M.
- Affiliations
- Zhejiang Normal University (CN)
- Zhejiang Sports Science Institute, Hangzhou 310004, China
- University of Taipei (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Ye, Weibing
- Korivi, Mallikarjuna
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-01-07
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 140
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6339182
- OpenAlex
- W2906816616
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 4 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 2.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- resistance training, exercise intensity, type 2 diabetes, HbA1c, glycemic control, insulin, blood glucose, high-intensity exercise
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Insulin, Exercise, Resistance Training
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