The Artificial Pancreas in 2016: A Digital Treatment Ecosystem for Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
With the increasing availability of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), the artificial pancreas (AP) (the commonly accepted term for closed-loop control [CLC] of blood glucose [BG] levels in diabetes) has become a hot area in translational research and industrial development. After a prolonged period of inpatient, clinical research center trials using cumbersome systems, the field has progressed rapidly over the past 2 years to long-term, free-living studies running AP algorithms on smartphones. Although it is still not a cure, the AP is the most promising advance in the treatment of diabetes at this time. This issue of Diabetes Care presents today’s AP state of the art, including reports on multinational home-use AP trials, studies in young children, the use of multihormonal approaches to mitigate meal-related hyperglycemia, and discussions of AP study designs and outcome measures. This collection of articles establishes the AP as a new diabetes treatment paradigm—not a single-function CGM or CSII device but an adaptable wearable network encompassing the patient in a digital treatment ecosystem. In its May 2014 issue, Diabetes Care featured the progress in the AP field in a series of articles labeled “Advances in Artificial Pancreas Development.” In addition to an editorial discussing the state of the art of AP development in 2014 (1), the issue included original articles that covered a broad range of topics including analyses of the possible physiological inputs to CLC (2), real-time estimation of insulin sensitivity from CGM and insulin pump data (3), engineering of the AP algorithms (4), reports of predictive low-glucose suspend (LGS) systems (5), studies of overnight CLC at home (6), feasibility of the AP in type 2 diabetes (7), and the first around-the-clock outpatient CLC running a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm on a portable AP system (8). Since then, …
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In July 2016, Diabetes Care published a symposium featuring several outpatient AID studies using DiAs running in two different in silico designed algorithm configurations.
“In July 2016, Diabetes Care published a symposium, 129 which featured several outpatient AID studies using DiAs running in two different in silico designed algorithm configurations.[123][124][125]”
From Developing the UVA/Padova Type 1 Diabetes Simulator: Modeling, Validation, Refinements, and Utility (2023) · cites this paper as [129]
The AP Today section (page unavailable) says this issue of Diabetes Care includes four outpatient trial reports and identifies DiAs as the platform in three of them; the fourth used Florence D2A. It does not say that the DiAs studies used exactly two algorithm configurations designed in silico, or explicitly identify the issue as July 2016. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Kovatchev, B., Tamborlane, W. V., Cefalu, W. T., & Cobelli, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- University of Padua (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Cobelli, Claudio
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2016-04-25
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1123-1126
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC4915552
- OpenAlex
- W2466367758
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 21.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1U54-GM-104940)
- NIH (P50-AT-002776)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- artificial pancreas, feedback control, diabetes mellitus, continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pump therapy, pediatric diabetes, predictive low glucose suspend, type 2 diabetes, model predictive control
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