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Cited by 379Diabetes Management and ResearchPancreatic function and diabetesDiabetes Treatment and Management

An Artificial Endocrine Pancreas

Albisser, A M, Leibel, B S, Ewart, T G, Davidovac, Z, Botz, C K, Zingg, W·1974·Diabetes
DOI 10.2337/diab.23.5.389
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Abstract

In order to regulate the blood sugar in the intact depancreatized dog as precisely as that accomplished by its normal pancreas, specific equipment has been devised to deliver insulin or glucose continuously and establish normoglycemia both in the fasting and glucose-loaded states. A minicomputer was programmed to respond to the constantly monitored whole blood glucose by injecting appropriate insulin or glucose intravenously to maintain or restore the normal blood sugar. Standardized glucose challenges consisting of uniform infusions of 10 mg. glucose per kg. min. for sixty minutes were applied to assess the performance of the artificial pancreas. Direct control which relates insulin dosage to the level of the circulating blood sugar results in a response to the challenge resembling mild maturity-onset diabetes both in the abnormally high blood sugar response to glucose loading and in the large amount of insulin required to effect a return to normoglycemia. In contrast, control based on projected (predicted) values of blood sugar not only prevents the abnormal rise but consumes in some cases only 10 per cent of the insulin used for the same glucose load. The performance of the system parallels that of the normal pancreas and lends support to the hypothesis that biphasic insulin responses to glucose challenges are essential for the economy of insulin and the precision of regulation seen in healthy subjects.

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Crossref · 10.2337/diab.23.5.389

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  • The first bedside computer-controlled closed-loop system, the Biostator, was invented by Miles Laboratory in 1974.

    “The first bedside computer-controlled closed-loop system, the Biostator, was invented by Miles Laboratory (Elkhart IN) in 1974 (ref. 124).”

    From 100 years of insulin: celebrating the past, present and future of diabetes therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [124]

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Authors
Albisser, A. M., Leibel, B. S., Ewart, T. G., Davidovac, Z., Botz, C. K., & Zingg, W.
Affiliations
University of Toronto (CA)
ORCID
Zingg, W
Venue
Diabetes
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
1974-05-01
Volume
23
Issue
5
Pages
389-396
ISSN
  • 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-327X
DOI
10.2337/diab.23.5.389
OpenAlex
W2134653585
Cited by
379
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 14
FWCI
9.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Diabetes (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Keywords
artificial pancreas, continuous insulin infusion, glucose infusion, depancreatized dogs, normoglycemia, type 1 diabetes, insulin dose, blood glucose monitoring, minicomputer control
MeSH terms
Analog-Digital Conversion, Animals, Artificial Organs, Blood Glucose, Computers, Diabetes Mellitus, Dogs, Glucose, Glucose Tolerance Test, Homeostasis, Infusions, Parenteral, Insulin, Islets of Langerhans, Lipase, Mathematics, Pancreatectomy, Pancreatin, Research Design, Insulin, Long-Acting

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