The use of language in diabetes care and education

Dickinson, Jane K.; Guzman, Susan J.; Maryniuk, Melinda D.; O’Brian, Catherine A.; Kadohiro, Jane K.; Jackson, Richard A.; D’Hondt, Nancy; Montgomery, Brenda; Close, Kelly L.; Funnell, Martha M.

doi:10.2337/dci17-0041

Cited by 241Diabetes Management and EducationPatient-Provider Communication in HealthcareMedical Research and Practices

The use of language in diabetes care and education

Dickinson, Jane K., Guzman, Susan J., Maryniuk, Melinda D., O’Brian, Catherine A., Kadohiro, Jane K., Jackson, Richard A., D’Hondt, Nancy, Montgomery, Brenda +2 more·2017·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/dci17-0041

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Abstract

Language is powerful and can have a strong impact on perceptions as well as behavior. A task force, consisting of representatives from the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA), convened to discuss language in diabetes care and education. This document represents the expert opinion of the task force. The literature supports the need for a language movement in diabetes care and education. There are effective ways of communicating about diabetes. This article provides recommendations for language used by health care professionals and others when discussing diabetes through spoken or written words-whether directed to people with diabetes, colleagues, or the general public, as well as research questions related to language and diabetes.

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Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2022. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
Davies, M. J., Aroda, V. R., Collins, B. S., Gabbay, R. A., Green, J., Maruthur, N. M., Rosas, S. E., Del Prato, S., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci22-0034 · Cited by 2,104 · see citing works
Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
Davies, M. J., Aroda, V. R., Collins, B. S., Gabbay, R. A., Green, J., Maruthur, N. M., Rosas, S. E., Del Prato, S., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., et al. (2022) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-022-05787-2 · Cited by 1,048 · see citing works
5. Lifestyle Management:Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019
American Diabetes Association (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-s005 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Glucose management indicator (GMI): a new term for estimating A1C from continuous glucose monitoring
Bergenstal, R. M., Beck, R. W., Close, K. L., Grunberger, G., Sacks, D. B., Kowalski, A., Brown, A. S., Heinemann, L., Aleppo, G., Ryan, D. B., et al. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-1581 · Cited by 684 · see citing works
“Multiple physicians, researchers, diabetes educators, and individuals with diabetes quoted articles from Dickinson et al., including “The Use of Language in Diabetes Care and Education” (5), in support of their preference for the word “management.””
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes:Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-s005 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
5. Facilitating Behavior Change and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes:Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2020
(2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-s005 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
5. Facilitating Behavior Change and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes:Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-s005 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
5. Facilitating Behavior Change and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes:Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021
American Diabetes Association (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-s005 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Eichorst, B., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s005 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Bannuru, R. R., Beverly, E. A., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Darville, A. K., Ekhlaspour, L., Hassanein, M. M., Hilliard, M. E., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc24-s005 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
4. Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-s004 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
4. Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Cusi, K. J., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D. M., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-s004 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
4. Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Bajaj, M. S., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Early, K. B., Bruemmer, D., Cusi, K. J., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s004 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
4. Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2020
American Diabetes Association (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-s004 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
4. Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019
American Diabetes Association (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-s004 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
What words should we use to talk about weight? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies examining preferences for weight‐related terminology
Puhl, R. M. (2020) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13008 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
4. Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Bannuru, R. R., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Cusi, K. J., Ekhlaspour, L., Fleming, T. K., Hilliard, M. E., Johnson, E. L., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc24-s004 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
4. Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021
American Diabetes Association (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-s004 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Bringing an end to diabetes stigma and discrimination: an international consensus statement on evidence and recommendations
Speight, J., Holmes‐Truscott, E., Garza, M., Scibilia, R., Wagner, S., Kato, A., Pedrero, V., Deschênes, S. S., Guzman, S., Joiner, K. L., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00347-9 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026
Bajaj, M. S., McCoy, R. G., Balapattabi, K., Bannuru, R. R., Bellini, N. J., Bennett, A. K., Beverly, E. A., Early, K. B., ChallaSivaKanaka, S., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc26-s005 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Words Matter: What Do Patients Find Judgmental or Offensive in Outpatient Notes?
Fernández, L., Fossa, A. J., Dong, Z., Delbanco, T., Elmore, J. G., Fitzgerald, P., Harcourt, K., Perez, J. B., Walker, J., & DesRoches, C. M. (2021) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-020-06432-7 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
How to Reduce Stigma and Bias in Clinical Communication: a Narrative Review
Healy, M. E., Richard, A., & Kidia, K. K. (2022) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-022-07609-y · Cited by 114 · see citing works
ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: The delivery of ambulatory diabetes care to children and adolescents with diabetes
Pihoker, C., Forsander, G., Fantahun, B., Virmani, A., Corathers, S. D., Benitez‐Aguirre, P., Fu, J., & Maahs, D. M. (2018) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12757 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
4. Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026
Bajaj, M. S., McCoy, R. G., Balapattabi, K., Bannuru, R. R., Bellini, N. J., Bennett, A. K., Beverly, E. A., Early, K. B., ChallaSivaKanaka, S., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc26-s004 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
State of the art: understanding and integration of the social context in diabetes care
de Wit, M., Trief, P. M., Huber, J. W., & Willaing, I. (2020) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14226 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Our language matters: Improving communication with and about people with diabetes. A position statement by Diabetes Australia
Speight, J., Skinner, T. C., Dunning, T. L., Black, T., Kilov, G., Lee, C., Scibilia, R., & Johnson, G. (2021) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108655 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Back to the future: 25 years of ‘Guidelines for encouraging psychological well‐being’ among people affected by diabetes
Speight, J., Hendrieckx, C., Pouwer, F., Skinner, T. C., & Snoek, F. J. (2019) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14165 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Screening, assessment and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents: Australasian Paediatric Endocrine Group guidelines
Peña, A. S., Curran, J. A., Fuery, M., George, C., Jefferies, C., Lobley, K., Ludwig, K., Maguire, A., Papadimos, E., Peters, A., et al. (2020) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja2.50666 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024 Diabetes Technologies: Glucose Monitoring
Tauschmann, M., Cardona‐Hernandez, R., DeSalvo, D. J., Hood, K. K., Лаптев, Д. Н., Olinder, A. L., Wheeler, B. J., & Smart, C. E. (2025) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000543156 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: The delivery of ambulatory diabetes care to children and adolescents with diabetes
Limbert, C., Tinti, D., Malik, F. S., Kosteria, I., Messer, L. H., Jalaludin, M. Y., Benitez‐Aguirre, P., Biester, S., Corathers, S. D., von Sengbusch, S., et al. (2022) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.13417 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
‘Diabulima’ through the lens of social media: a qualitative review and analysis of online blogs by people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and eating disorders
Staite, E., Zaremba, N., Macdonald, P., Allan, J., Treasure, J. L., Ismail, K., & Stadler, M. (2018) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13700 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Words Matter: Putting an End to “Unsafe” and “Risky” Sex
Marcus, J. L., & Snowden, J. M. (2019) · Sexually Transmitted Diseases · doi:10.1097/olq.0000000000001065 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Defining Telehealth for Research, Implementation, and Equity
Roy, J., Levy, D. R., & Senathirajah, Y. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/35037 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Twelve Tips for Inclusive Practice in Healthcare Settings
Marjadi, B., Flavel, J., Baker, K., Glenister, K., Morns, M. A., Triantafyllou, M., Strauss, P., Wolff, B., Procter, A. M., Mengesha, Z. B., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20054657 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The Experience of Diabetes-Related Language in Diabetes Care
Dickinson, J. K. (2017) · Diabetes Spectrum · doi:10.2337/ds16-0082 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Diabetes-related cognitive impairment: Mechanisms, symptoms, and treatments
Yu, X., He, H., Wen, J., Xu, X., Ruan, Z., Hu, R., Wang, F., & Ju, H. (2025) · Open Medicine · doi:10.1515/med-2024-1091 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Motivational Interviewing in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Arterial Hypertension in Primary Health Care: An RCT
Steffen, P. L. D. S., Mendonça, C. S., Meyer, E., & Faustino‐Silva, D. D. (2021) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2020.12.015 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Gestational Diabetes: An Update 60 Years After O’Sullivan and Mahan
McIntyre, H. D., Kampmann, U., Dalsgaard Clausen, T., Laurie, J., & Ma, R. C. W. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae709 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Language Matters – A Diabetes Canada Consensus Statement
Banasiak, K., Cleary, D., Bajurny, V., Barbieri, P., Nagpal, S., Sørensen, M., Tabiou, N., Witteman, H. O., & Senior, P. A. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.05.008 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Integrating psychosocial support into routine diabetes care: perspectives from participants at the Self‐Management Alliance meeting 2016
Joensen, L. E., Fisher, L., Skinner, T. C., Doherty, Y., & Willaing, I. (2018) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13836 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Diabetes Stigma and Clinical Outcomes: An International Review
Eitel, K. B., Pihoker, C., Barrett, C. E., & Roberts, A. J. C. (2024) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvae136 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Language matters: a UK perspective
Lloyd, C. E., Wilson, A., Holt, R. I. G., Whicher, C. A., Kar, P., & the Language Matters Group (2018) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13801 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Learning about Type 1 diabetes and learning to live with it when diagnosed in adulthood: two distinct but inter‐related psychological processes of adaptation A qualitative longitudinal study
Due‐Christensen, M., Willaing, I., Ismail, K., & Forbes, A. (2018) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13838 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Stigma Surrounding Type 2 Diabetes in Colombia
Pedrero, V., Manzi, J. M., & Palacio, L. M. A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182312657 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
A narrative review of exercise participation among adults with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: barriers and solutions
Thielen, S. C., Reusch, J. E. B., & Regensteiner, J. G. (2023) · Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare · doi:10.3389/fcdhc.2023.1218692 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Adolescents’ Experiences of Transition to Self-Management of Type 1 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Future Directions
Leocadio, P., Kelleher, C., Fernández, E., & Hawkes, C. P. (2023) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/26350106231206779 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Using Person-Reported Outcomes (PROs) to Motivate Young People with Diabetes
de Wit, M., Versloot, J., Zenlea, I. S., & Goethals, E. R. (2020) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-020-01305-z · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Prioritizing Patient Experiences in the Management of Diabetes and Its Complications: An Endocrine Society Position Statement
Kalyani, R. R., Allende-Vigo, M. Z., Antinori-Lent, K. J., Close, K. L., Das, S. R., Deroze, P., Edelman, S. V., El Sayed, N. A., Kerr, D., Neumiller, J. J., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad745 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
All together: Integrated care for youth with type 1 diabetes
Versloot, J., Ali, A. F., Minotti, S. C., Ma, J., Sandercock, J., Marcinow, M. L., Lok, D., Sur, D., de Wit, M., Mansfield, E. D., et al. (2021) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.13242 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Person‐Centered Primary Care and Type 2 Diabetes: Beyond Blood Glucose Control
Trout, K. K., McCool, W. F., & Homko, C. J. (2019) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1111/jmwh.12973 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The interplay of type 1 diabetes and weight management: A qualitative study exploring thematic progression from adolescence to young adulthood
Addala, A., IGUDESMAN, D. A., Kahkoska, A. R., Muntis, F. R., Souris, K. J., Whitaker, K. J., Pratley, R. E., & Mayer‐Davis, E. J. (2019) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12903 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Play-Based Interventions Delivered by Child Life Specialists: Teachable Moments for Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
Banca, R. O. L., Butler, D. A., Volkening, L. K., & Laffel, L. M. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Health Care · doi:10.1016/j.pedhc.2020.02.002 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Effective Communication About Lung Cancer Screening Without Iatrogenic Stigma: A Brief Report Case Study Using the Lung Cancer Stigma Communications Assessment Tool of LungTalk
Carter‐Harris, L., Ostroff, J. S., Hoover, K., & Studts, J. L. (2023) · JTO Clinical and Research Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jtocrr.2023.100585 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-care is Renouncement, Routine, and Control: The Experience of Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Luciani, M., Montali, L., Nicolò, G., Fabrizi, D., Mauro, S. D., & Ausili, D. (2020) · Clinical Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/1054773820969540 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Influences of decisions to attend a national diabetes prevention programme from people living in a socioeconomically deprived area
Begum, S., Povey, R. C., Ellis, N., Gidlow, C. J., & Chadwick, P. (2022) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14804 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Language: A Powerful Tool in Promoting Healthy Behaviors
Srivastava, S. B. (2019) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827619839995 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Type 2 Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale (DSAS-2): Cultural and linguistic adaptation and psychometric assessment of the Arabic version
Alzubaidi, H., Namara, K. M., Samorinha, C., Saidawi, W., Versace, V. L., & Speight, J. (2022) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2022.08.004 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A WHO key informant language survey of people with lived experiences of diabetes: Media misconceptions, values-based messaging, stigma, framings and communications considerations
Hunt, D., Lamb, K., Elliott, J. A., Hemmingsen, B., Slama, S., Scibilia, R., Daniels, K. W., & Mikkelsen, B. (2022) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110109 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Diabetes and Depression: Strategies to Address a Common Comorbidity Within the Primary Care Context
de Groot, M. (2023) · American Journal of Medicine Open · doi:10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100039 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Roadmap to the Effective Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Innovation, Investigation, and Implementation
Bergenstal, R. M. (2023) · Diabetes Spectrum · doi:10.2337/dsi23-0005 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The weight of words: Discursive constructions of health in weight-neutral peer-reviewed journal articles
Zafir, S., & Jovanovski, N. (2022) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.009 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Person‐first language in diabetes and obesity scientific publications
Dickinson, J. K., Bialonczyk, D., Reece, J., Kyle, T. K., Close, K. L., Nadglowski, J. F., Johnson, K., Garza, M., Pash, E., & Chiquette, E. (2023) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.15067 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Diabetes Distress: Assessment and Management of the Emotional Aspect of Diabetes Mellitus
Rariden, C. A. (2019) · The Journal for Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2019.06.020 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
A qualitative analysis of the needs and wishes of people with type 2 diabetes and healthcare professionals for optimal diabetes care
Silva, C. V., Bird, D., Clemensen, J., Janda, M., Catapan, S. D. C., Fatehi, F., Gray, L., Menon, A., & Russell, A. W. (2022) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14886 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus using the traditional Chinese medicine Jinlida as an add-on medication: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Zhao, X., Liu, L., & Liu, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1018450 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Helpful or harmful? The impact of the ketogenic diet on eating disorder outcomes in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Schneider, S., Biggerstaff, D. L., & Barber, T. M. (2022) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1080/17446651.2022.2089112 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Implementing the Digital Diabetes Questionnaire as a Clinical Tool in Routine Diabetes Care: Focus Group Discussions With Patients and Health Care Professionals
Engström, M. S., Johansson, U., Leksell, J. K., Linder, E., & Eeg‐Olofsson, K. (2022) · JMIR Diabetes · doi:10.2196/34561 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
A Diabetes Education App for People Living With Type 2 Diabetes: Co-Design Study
Pienkowska, A., Ang, C., Mammadova, M., Mahadzir, M. D. A., & Car, J. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/45490 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A survey of clinical physician's perceptions of stigma and advocacy in patients with type 2 diabetes in Kanagawa, Japan
Matsuzawa, Y., Azuma, K., Sawa, T., Ono, Y., Hamada, Y., Matsuba, I., & Kanamori, A. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.13891 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Revision and Psychometric Evaluation of the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire for People With Type 2 Diabetes
Zuniga, J. A., Huang, Y., Bang, S. H., Cuevas, H. E., Hutson, T. S., Heitkemper, E., Cho, E., & García, A. A. (2023) · Diabetes Spectrum · doi:10.2337/ds22-0079 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Secondary Qualitative Analysis of Stigmatizing and Nonstigmatizing Language Used in Hospital Birth Settings
Barcelona, V., Scroggins, J. K., Scharp, D., Harkins, S., Goffman, D., Aubey, J. J., & Topaz, M. (2024) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jogn.2024.10.003 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Promoting Physical Activity in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes via an Anthropomorphic Conversational Agent: Development of an Evidence and Theory-Based Multi-Behavior Intervention
Pimenta, N. M., Félix, I. B., Monteiro, D., Marques, M. M., & Guerreiro, M. P. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.883354 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion within Pediatric Adherence Science
Williford, D. N., Sweenie, R., Ramsey, R. R., McGrady, M. E., Crosby, L. E., & Modi, A. C. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-022-09922-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: risk reduction and early intervention
Hinnen, D., Kruger, D. F., & MAGWIRE, M. L. (2022) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.1080/00325481.2022.2126235 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Technology to overcome therapeutic inertia
Greenwood, D. A., & Peeples, M. (2019) · mHealth · doi:10.21037/mhealth.2018.12.05 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Expert Panel Recommendations for a Standardized Ambulatory Glucose Profile Report for Connected Insulin Pens
Simonson, G. D., Criego, A. B., Battelino, T., Carlson, A. L., Choudhary, P., Franc, S., Gershenoff, D. C., Grunberger, G., Hirsch, I. B., Isaacs, D. M., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2024.0107 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A Fun Way to Learn About Diabetes: Using Therapeutic Play in a Brazilian Camp
Banca, R. O. L., Brandão, M. C. D. M., Sparapani, V. D. C., de Souza, N. S., Neves, E. T., Cavicchioli, M. G. S., de Lima, R. A. G., & Nascimento, L. C. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2020.02.002 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A combined diabetes and continuous glucose monitoring education program for adults with type 2 diabetes
Lind, N., Christensen, M. B., & Nørgaard, K. (2024) · PEC Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.pecinn.2024.100324 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Diabetes, Therapeutic Inertia, and Patients’ Medication Experience
Bzowyckyj, A. S., & Begert, J. E. (2020) · Diabetes Spectrum · doi:10.2337/ds19-0019 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Use of health locus of control on self‐management and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes
Zhu, L., Shi, Q., Zeng, Y., Ma, T., Li, H., Kuerban, D., Hamal, S., & Li, M. (2021) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.1140 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Operationalizing Equity, Inclusion, and Access in Research Practice at a Large Academic Institution
Ferrante, E. B., Blady, S. J., Sheu, D., Maitra, M. R., Drakes, J., Lieberman, A., Mussell, A. S., Bair, E. F., Hearn, C. M., Thorbecke, L., et al. (2024) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-023-08539-z · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Cardiorenal protection with SGLT2: Lessons from the cardiovascular outcome trials
Silva‐Cardoso, J., Sheikh, O., Nashawi, M., Pham, S. V., Gallegos, K. M., Dinkha, L. R., & CHILTON, R. J. (2019) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.13007 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Real-life 24-week changes in glycemic parameters among European users of flash glucose monitoring with type 1 and 2 diabetes and different levels of glycemic control
Lameijer, A., Bakker, J. J., Kao, K., Xu, Y., Gans, R. O. B., Bilo, H. J. G., Dunn, T. C., & van Dijk, P. R. (2023) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110735 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
A new framework for elevating and updating clinical language: RAISED patient-centric communication
Garling, K. A., & Stewart, M. P. (2023) · JAPhA Practice Innovations · doi:10.1016/j.japhpi.2023.100001 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Disordered eating in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: risk factors and screening recommendations
Chad‐Friedman, E., Clary, L., & Jhe, G. (2024) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/mop.0000000000001353 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The Language of Diabetes Complications: Communication and Framing of Risk Messages in North American and Australasian Diabetes-Specific Media
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Authors: Dickinson, J. K., Guzman, S. J., Maryniuk, M. D., O’Brian, C. A., Kadohiro, J. K., Jackson, R. A., D’Hondt, N., Montgomery, B., Close, K. L., & Funnell, M. M.
Affiliations: Columbia University (US)
Clinical/Educational Services, Behavioral Diabetes Institute, San Diego, CA
Joslin Diabetes Center (US)
American Association of Diabetes Educators (US)
Diabetes Education and Support Consulting Services, Reno, NV
Grassroots Diabetes, Boston, MA
St. John Hospital & Medical Center (US)
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Bothell, WA
Close Concerns (United States) (US)
University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author: Dickinson, Jane K.
ORCID: Dickinson, Jane K.
Guzman, Susan J.
Close, Kelly L.
Funnell, Martha M.
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2017-10-17
Volume: 40
Issue: 12
Pages: 1790-1799
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/dci17-0041
OpenAlex: W2766357945
Cited by: 241
References: 99
Citations by year: 2026: 24 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 1
FWCI: 13.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.diabetesjournals.org/content/license (vor, 35 d)
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Medical Terminology › Medical Research and Practices
Keywords: diabetes education, health communication, patient-provider communication, public health communication
MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Health Personnel, Humans, Language, Patient Education as Topic, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Practice Guidelines as Topic

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The use of language in diabetes care and education

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