Diets high and low in glycemic index versus high monounsaturated fat diets: effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in NIDDM
Abstract
Objective To examine the relative effects of high and low glycemic index (GI) carbohydrates, and monounsaturated fats on blood glucose and lipid metabolism in NIDDM subjects.Subjects Fourteen male and seven female variably controlled NIDDM subjects recruited by advertisement.Setting Free living outpatients.Research design A repeated measures, within-subject design was used such that each subject consumed three diets: (a) a high-GI diet (53% CHO -21% fat, 63 GI units (glucose= 100)); (b) a low-GI diet (51% CHO -23% fat, 43 GI units); and (c) a high-mono high-GI diet (42% CHO -35% fat, 59 GI units) in random order and cross-over fashion for four weeks. Approximately 45% energy was provided as key foods which differed in published GI values and specifically excluded legumes. Dietary fibre intake was > 30 g/d on each diet. At the end of each dietary intervention, we measured fasting plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, total glycated plasma protein, fructosamine, LDL and HDL particle size as well as 24 h urinary excretion of glucose and C-peptide.Results HDL-cholesterol was higher on the low-GI and high-mono high-GI diets compared to the high-GI diet (P < 0.05 for overall diet effect). There were no other significant differences in metabolic control between diets, even when adjusted for BMI, glucose control or gender. Body weight and saturated fat intake remained stable between dietary interventions.Conclusion High-mono high-GI and high-CHO, low-GI diets are superior to high-CHO, high-GI diets with respect to HDL metabolism but no effect was noted on glucose metabolism in variably controlled NIDDM subjects.
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Reducing GI or GL in the context of diets low in saturated fat can improve CHD risk factors including BMI, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol.
“Over the last 3 decades, clinical trials have demonstrated that reducing the GI or glycemic load (GL), the product of GI and the available carbohydrate content of a food,13 in the context of diets low in saturated fat, can improve CHD risk factors including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and serum cholesterol.14–24”
From Associations of Glycemic Index and Load With Coronary Heart Disease Events: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Prospective Cohorts (2012) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Luscombe, N., Noakes, M., & Clifton, P.
- Affiliations
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
- ORCID
- Noakes, M
- Venue
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Published
- 1999-06-01
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 473-478
- ISSN
- 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5640
- OpenAlex
- W1993715747
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 8.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- glycemic index, monounsaturated fatty acids, type 2 diabetes, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, HDL cholesterol, insulin, fructosamine, LDL particle size, dietary intervention, dietary fiber
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Blood Glucose, Body Weight, Cholesterol, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Triglycerides, Cross-Over Studies
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