Investigating carbonate formation in urban soils as a method for capture and storage of atmospheric carbon
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This paper investigates the potential for engineered urban soils to capture and store atmospheric carbon (C). Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) bearing waste silicate minerals within the soil environment can capture and store atmospheric C through the process of weathering and secondary carbonate mineral precipitation. Anthropogenic soils, known to contain substantial quantities of Ca and Mg-rich minerals derived from demolition activity (particularly cement and concrete), were systematically sampled at the surface across a 10 ha brownfield site, Science Central, located in the urban centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K. Subsequent analysis yielded average carbonate contents of 21.8±4.7% wt CaCO(3). Isotopic analysis demonstrated δ(18)O values between -9.4‰ and -13.3‰ and δ(13)C values between -7.4‰ and -13.6‰ (relative to Pee Dee Belemnite), suggesting that up to 39.4±8.8% of the carbonate C has been captured from the atmosphere through hydroxylation of dissolved CO(2) in high pH solutions. The remaining carbonate C is derived from lithogenic sources. 37.4 kg of atmospheric CO(2) has already been captured and stored as carbonate per Mg of soil across the site, representing a carbon dioxide (CO(2)) removal rate of 12.5 kg CO(2) Mg(-1) yr(-1). There is the potential for capture and storage of a further 27.3 kg CO(2) Mg(-1) in residual reactive materials, which may be exploited through increased residence time (additional in situ weathering). Overall, the Science Central site has the potential to capture and store a total of 64,800 Mg CO(2) as carbonate minerals. This study illustrates the potential for managing urban soils as tools of C capture and storage, an important ecosystem service, and demonstrates the importance of studying C storage in engineering urban anthropogenic soils.
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Soil pH at Science Central was consistently high (>9.5) with values up to 11.7.
“Soil pH was consistently high (>9.5)with values up to 11.7.17”
From Rapid Removal of Atmospheric CO2 by Urban Soils (2015) · cites this paper as [17]
The measured silicate weathering rate is several orders of magnitude slower than dissolution rates for hydrated cement minerals determined through laboratory experiments but is 2 orders of magnitude faster than the greatest weathering rates for natural catchments.
“This is several orders of magnitude slower than dissolution rates for hydrated cement minerals determined through laboratory experiments (10 -8.0 mol of Ca cm -2 s -1 ) 17 but is 2 orders of magnitude faster than the greatest weathering rates for natural catchments (e.g., a global average of 24 t km -2 year -1 , 33 or 100s t km -2 year -1 for tropical volcanic arcs).39,40”
From Rapid Removal of Atmospheric CO2 by Urban Soils (2015) · cites this paper as [17]
The observed loss of 20% of the SiO2 content is equivalent to a weathering rate of 10^-12.7 mol of Si cm-2 s-1 or 16000 t of Si km-2 a-1.
“The observed loss of 20% of the SiO 2 content is equivalent to a weathering rate of 10 -12.7 mol of Si cm -2 s -1 (normalized to a nominal mineral surface area of 1 m 2 g -1 , conservatively estimated from particle size distribution 17 and assuming 1 Mt of material on-site 22 ) or 16000 t of Si km -2 a -1 (when normalized to the site area).”
From Rapid Removal of Atmospheric CO2 by Urban Soils (2015) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Washbourne, C.-L., Renforth, P., & Manning, D. A. C.
- Affiliations
- Newcastle University (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Washbourne, C.-L.
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 431
- Pages
- 166-175
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1994952407
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 8.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- discovery.ucl.ac.uk
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- Newcastle University
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/F02777X/1)
- Natural Environment Research Council
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete and Cement Materials Research
- Keywords
- urban soils, carbonate precipitation, silicate weathering, demolition waste, carbon and oxygen isotopes, brownfield soils, ecosystem services, Newcastle upon Tyne
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