Brain-machine interfaces: an overview.
Open accessAbstract
Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) hold promise to treat neurological disabilities by linking intact brain circuitry to assistive devices, such as limb prostheses, wheelchairs, artificial sensors, and computers. BMIs have experienced very rapid development in recent years, facilitated by advances in neural recordings, computer technologies and robots. BMIs are commonly classified into three types: sensory, motor and bidirectional, which subserve motor, sensory and sensorimotor functions, respectively. Additionally, cognitive BMIs have emerged in the domain of higher brain functions. BMIs are also classified as noninvasive or invasive according to the degree of their interference with the biological tissue. Although noninvasive BMIs are safe and easy to implement, their information bandwidth is limited. Invasive BMIs hold promise to improve the bandwidth by utilizing multichannel recordings from ensembles of brain neurons. BMIs have a broad range of clinical goals, as well as the goal to enhance normal brain functions.
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There are two types of BMI systems: one samples neural activity of a single brain and unidirectionally controls an external device; the other (sensory BMI) includes sensory feedback from the device to the brain.
“There are currently two different types of BMI systems. One type samples the neural activity of a single brain and unidirectionally controls an external device (Lebedev, 2014), while the other type (sensory BMI) includes sensory feedback from the device to the brain (O’Doherty et al., 2011).”
From Human Brain/Cloud Interface (2019) · cites this paper as Lebedev, 2014
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The Emergence of Functional Ultrasound for Noninvasive Brain–Computer Interface
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- Authors
- Lebedev, M.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lebedev, Mikhail
- ORCID
- Lebedev, Mikhail
- Venue
- Translational Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2014-01-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2081-3856 (ISSN-L)
- 2081-6936
- OpenAlex
- W2021526488
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 5.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Translational Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Keywords
- brain-computer interface, neurological deficit, assistive devices, artificial limbs, sensory substitution, motor control, bidirectional interface, non-invasive recording, neuronal ensembles, information bandwidth
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