Crip technoscience manifesto
Open accessAbstract
As disabled people engaged in disability community, activism, and scholarship, our collective experiences and histories have taught us that we are effective agents of world building and dismantling toward more socially just relations.The grounds for social justice and world remaking, however, are frictioned;technologies, architectures, and infrastructures are often designed and implemented without committing to disability as a difference that matters. This manifesto calls attention to the powerful, messy, non-innocent, contradictory, and nevertheless crucial work of what we name as “crip technoscience,” practices of critique, alteration, and reinvention of our material-discursive world. Disabled people are experts and designers of everyday life. But we also harness technoscience for political action, refusing to comply with demands to cure, fix, or eliminate disability. Attentive to the intersectional workings of power and privilege, we agitate against independence and productivity as requirements for existence. Instead, we center technoscientific activism and critical design practices that foster disability justice.
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AI technologies rely on the assumption that we need to "overcome" disability through technology rather than address the structural causes of inaccessibility and discrimination experienced by disabled people.
“these scholars demonstrate how AI technologies similarly rely on the assumption that we need to “overcome” disability through technology rather than address the structural causes of inaccessibility and discrimination experienced by disabled people.”
From Algorithmic harms and digital ageism in the use of surveillance technologies in nursing homes (2022) · cites this paper as Hamraie and Fritsch, 2019
Higher education has been a key site of disability activism in North America.
“In particular, higher education has been a key site of disability activism in North America [11, 21].”
From Infrastructuring as Collective Resistance: How Disabled Students Negotiate Access Through Technology in Universities (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
The politics of accommodations reflect broader neoliberal logics, which are the result of capitalist systems that instill values of self-sufficiency.
“The politics of accommodations reflect broader neoliberal logics, which Hamraie and Fritsch [21] posit are the result of capitalist systems that instill values of self-sufficiency.”
From Infrastructuring as Collective Resistance: How Disabled Students Negotiate Access Through Technology in Universities (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
Hamraie highlights the failure of universities to accommodate disabled people that result in relational tensions, exposing the limits of existing infrastructure and its politics.
“Building on this, Hamraie [21] highlights the failure of universities to accommodate disabled people that result in relational tensions, exposing the limits of existing infrastructure and its politics.”
From Infrastructuring as Collective Resistance: How Disabled Students Negotiate Access Through Technology in Universities (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
Attempts to smooth over access so that infrastructure can be "frictionless" and adapted by students would depoliticize disability, obscuring embedded power relations.
“Hamraie [21] further argues that attempts to smooth over access so that infrastructure can be “frictionless” and adapted by students would depoliticize disability, obscuring embedded power relations.”
From Infrastructuring as Collective Resistance: How Disabled Students Negotiate Access Through Technology in Universities (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
Intersectionality is a critical lens in Critical Disability Studies.
“We acknowledge that intersectionality is a critical lens in Critical Disability Studies [21].”
From Infrastructuring as Collective Resistance: How Disabled Students Negotiate Access Through Technology in Universities (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
Individuals who directly encounter access frictions possess the situated knowledge required to subvert and reactivate them as counteractive forces that confront university decision-makers.
“Individuals who directly encounter access frictions possess the situated knowledge [1, 21, 64] required to subvert and reactivate them as counteractive forces that confront university decision-makers [20].”
From Infrastructuring as Collective Resistance: How Disabled Students Negotiate Access Through Technology in Universities (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
Disability is an ongoing negotiation of access in which frictions will emerge.
“disability is an ongoing negotiation of access [21, 42, 61] in which frictions will emerge [20]”
From Infrastructuring as Collective Resistance: How Disabled Students Negotiate Access Through Technology in Universities (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
It is not possible nor desirable to make infrastructures and the design of services frictionless or adaptive for disabled communities.
“Rather than making infrastructures and the design of services “frictionless” or “adaptive” for disabled communities — which is not possible nor desirable because disability is an ongoing negotiation of access [21, 42, 61] in which frictions will emerge [20] — student groups strategically leverage points of disruption to confront authority, compel negotiations, and demand systemic change.”
From Infrastructuring as Collective Resistance: How Disabled Students Negotiate Access Through Technology in Universities (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
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Critical pedagogy and disability in participatory research: a review
May, E. (2024) · Information and Learning Sciences · doi:10.1108/ils-02-2023-0021 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
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Lillywhite, A., & Wolbring, G. (2022) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci12020077 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Resisting Normality with Cultural Accessibility and Slow Technology
Johnson, M. A., Chandler, E., & Rice, C. M. (2024) · Leonardo · doi:10.1162/leon_a_02502 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Cripping environmental education: rethinking disability, nature, and interdependent futures
Schmidt, J. (2022) · Australian Journal of Environmental Education · doi:10.1017/aee.2022.26 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Alper, M. (2023) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/14152.001.0001 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Toward an Access-Oriented Field
Lay, B. L., & Card, D. (2022) · ACM International Conference on Design of Communication (SIGDOC) · doi:10.1145/3513130.3558974 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Accessibility and participatory design: time, power, and facilitation
Stephens, L., Smith, H., Epstein, I., Baljko, M., Mcintosh, I., Dadashi, N., & Prakash, D. N. (2023) · CoDesign · doi:10.1080/15710882.2023.2214145 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Queering/Cripping Technologies of Productivity
Janicki, S., Riggs, A. T., Howell, N., Sullivan, A., & Stangl, A. J. (2024) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3613905.3644067 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
McNally, K., Wright, K., Goldkind, L., Kattari, S. K., & Victor, B. G. (2024) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/20563051241279549 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Jaworski, S. (2022) · Catalyst Feminism Theory Technoscience · doi:10.28968/cftt.v8i2.36206 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Ansuini, A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-83541-4_7 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
A Critical Review of Sexuality, Technology and Disability
Patel, D., Osipova, E., Spiel, K., & Barbareschi, G. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713994 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Not robots; Cyborgs — Furthering anti-ableist research in human-computer interaction
Guberman, J., & Haimson, O. L. (2023) · First Monday · doi:10.5210/fm.v28i1.12910 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dehnert, M., & Leach, R. B. (2021) · Human-Machine Communication · doi:10.30658/hmc.2.7 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Das, M., Stangl, A., & Findlater, L. (2024) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3641018 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Designing Touch Technologies for and with Bodies in Menstrual Discomfort
Park, J. Y., Zheng, C. Y., Woytuk, N. C., Huang, X., Balaam, M., & Felice, M. C. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714032 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cripping the Co-Design of Pacing Technologies For Energy-Limiting Conditions
Homewood, S., Hinkle, C. A., & Kaklopoulou, I. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713990 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Higher education futures at the intersection of justice, hope, and educational technology
Veletsianos, G., Houlden, S., Ross, J., Alhadad, S. S. J., & Dickson-Deane, C. (2024) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-024-00475-0 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Imagining alternative futures with augmentative and alternative communication: a manifesto
Sellwood, D., McLeod, L., Williams, K., Brown, K. S., & Pullin, G. (2024) · Medical Humanities · doi:10.1136/medhum-2024-013022 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Affordances and spatial agency in psychopathology
Krueger, J. W. (2023) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2023.2243975 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Virtual Reality, Disability, and Futurity Cripping Technologies in Half-Life: Alyx
Jerreat-Poole, A. (2022) · Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies · doi:10.3828/jlcds.2022.4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Beyond the Single Story of Climate Vulnerability
Bell, S., Jodoin, S., Bush, T. N., Crow, L., Eriksen, S., Geen, E., Keogh, M., & Yeo, R. (2024) · International Journal of Disability and Social Justice · doi:10.13169/intljofdissocjus.4.2.0048 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
McDonnell, E. J., & Findlater, L. (2024) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663548.3675649 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Terms of use: Crip legibility in information systems
Brilmyer, G. M., & Lee, C. (2023) · First Monday · doi:10.5210/fm.v28i1.12935 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Harvey, E., Sandhaus, H., Jacobs, A. Z., Moss, E., & Sloane, M. (2024) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642004 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
In the Moment of Glitch: Engaging with Misalignments in Ethical Practice
Garrett, R., Hawkins, K., Brundell, P., Castle-Green, S. D., Tennent, P., Zhou, F., Lampinen, A., Höök, K., & Benford, S. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713632 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Good for tech: Disability expertise and labor in China's artificial intelligence sector
Wu, D. (2023) · First Monday · doi:10.5210/fm.v28i1.12887 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Episodic disability in the neoliberal university: Stories from the Canadian context
Rice, C. M., Harrison, E., Giddings, C., Chivers, S., Meerai, S., & Zitzelsberger, H. (2023) · Gender Work and Organization · doi:10.1111/gwao.13009 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Berkhout, S., & Zaheer, J. (2021) · Catalyst Feminism Theory Technoscience · doi:10.28968/cftt.v7i1.34101 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Queer/Crip Body Mapping: Expressing Dynamic Bodily Experiences with Data
Riggs, A. T., Janicki, S., Moesgen, T., Howell, N., & Cochrane, K. A. (2025) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3715336.3735438 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Modeling Accessibility: Characterizing What We Mean by “Accessible”
Mack, K., Martinez, J. J., Lewis, A., Mankoff, J. C., Fogarty, J. A., Findlater, L., Evans, H., Bennett, C. L., & McDonnell, E. J. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746344 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Canagarajah, S. (2024) · AILA Review · doi:10.1075/aila.23017.can · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Shaw, C., & Nickpour, F. (2024) · Advanced Design Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijadr.2024.07.003 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Understanding "Mutes" in Social Virtual Reality
Chen, Q., Bellucci, A., Cai, J., Nelimarkka, M., & Jacucci, G. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714244 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Who needs to (un)know? On the generative possibilities of ignorance for autistic futures
Orsini, M. (2022) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education · doi:10.1080/09518398.2022.2098399 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The Making of Accessibility to Rural Place for Blind People
Giraud, T., Loreto, I. D., & Tixier, M. (2020) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3357236.3395527 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Williams, A., Alikhademi, K., Munyaka, I. N. S., & Gilbert, J. E. (2022) · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing · doi:10.1145/3514254 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Differences as potentials: A posthuman re-envisioning of disability and mobility
Gibson, B. E., Rice, C. M., Gladstone, B., Gray, J., Kelly, E., Mosleh, D., & Mistry, B. (2025) · Health An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health Illness and Medicine · doi:10.1177/13634593251329489 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Body Politics: Unpacking Tensions and Future Perspectives for Body-Centric Design Research in HCI
Tsaknaki, V., Alaoui, S. F., Homewood, S., Fritsch, J., Brynskov, A., Núñez-Pacheco, C., Carlson, K., Spiel, K., Gillies, M. F. P., & Harrington, C. (2025) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3706599.3706710 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
(Re)discovering Sexual Pleasure after Cancer: Understanding the Design Space
Offerman, C., Bourgeois, J., van Beurden, J., & Bozzon, A. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713535 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Making International Things:Designing World Politics Differently
Austin, J. L., & Leander, A. (2023) · Global Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1093/isagsq/ksad068 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Journalism and Disability in Canada: Blind and Visually Impaired Journalists Weigh In
Jones, C. T., Saujani, S., & Zbitnew, A. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Communication · doi:10.22230/cjc.2021v46n1a3897 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Cripping the History of Computing
Wu, D. (2021) · IEEE Annals of the History of Computing · doi:10.1109/mahc.2021.3101061 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
DREEM: Moving from Empathy to Enculturation in Disability Related Human-Centered Design
Baltaxe-Admony, L. B., Duval, J., & Ringland, K. E. (2024) · The 26th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility · doi:10.1145/3663548.3675642 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Friction in Processual Ethics: Reconfiguring Ethical Relations in Interdisciplinary Research
Garrett, R., Brundell, P., Castle-Green, S. D., Hawkins, K., Tennent, P., Zhou, F., Lampinen, A., Höök, K., & Benford, S. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714123 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Minor Resistance: The Everyday Politics and Power Dynamics of Assistive Technology Adoption
Hsueh, S., Dusen, D. V., Caspi, A., & Mankoff, J. C. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746465 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Katila, S., Meriläinen, S. C., & Bell, E. (2023) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781800377035.00007 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Eco-ableism and access circularity in natural building
Schleck, G., & Ben-Alon, L. (2024) · Frontiers of Architectural Research · doi:10.1016/j.foar.2023.11.005 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
From a figment of your imagination: Disabled marginal cases and underthought experiments
Shew, A. (2020) · Human Affairs · doi:10.1515/humaff-2020-0054 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Gardner, P. M., Surlin, S., Akinyemi, A., Rauchberg, J. S., McArthur, C., Hao, Y., Zheng, R., & Παπαϊωάννου, Α. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78111-8_4 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Enhancement Technologies and the Politics of Life
Compagna, D., & Şahinol, M. (2022) · NanoEthics · doi:10.1007/s11569-022-00416-z · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Baillargeon, P., Yoon, J., & Zhang, A. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3711106 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Experiencing Deaf Tech: A Deep Dive into the Concept of DeafWatch
Angelini, R., Spiel, K., & Meulder, M. D. (2024) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663548.3688483 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cowan, T. L., & Rault, J. (2024) · Punctum Books · doi:10.53288/0364.1.00 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
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Fast, V., & Deitz, S. L. (2025) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/03091325251385569 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
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Knowing by DEAF‐listening: Epistemologies and ontologies revealed in song‐signing
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Communicating AI and Disability
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Cripping sex education: reflections on a public pedagogy project
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Interrogating access: a critical disability studies approach to information practices research
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Sociological Perspectives on Disability
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Dreaming of disability‐as‐possibility as a humanistic STEM education futurity
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Governing generative AI for disability and inclusion
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Expanding Norms, Negotiating Bodies: How Artists with Disabilities Perceive and Use Creative Tools
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Toward a Cripistemology of Eco-Anxiety
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- Authors
- Hamraie, A., & Fritsch, K.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Carleton University (CA)
- Venue
- Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience
- Published
- 2019-04-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-33
- ISSN
- 2380-3312 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2944785538
- Cited by
- 461
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 76 · 2025: 160 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 8
- FWCI
- 34.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Catalyst Feminism Theory Technoscience (publishedVersion)
- HAL AMU (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Disability Rights and Representation
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Bioethics and Human Rights Issues
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility
- Keywords
- disability justice, people with disabilities, critical design, intersectionality, social justice, disability studies
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