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Guidance on the assessment of bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobials of human and veterinary importance
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This Guidance document is intended to provide a method to identify resistance to antimicrobials of human and veterinary importance in bacterial strains intended for use as feed additives. Such tests should be made in a consistent manner using internationally recognised and standardised methods. As a basic requirement, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the antimicrobials should be determined for each of the following substances: ampicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and, in specific cases, tylosine, apramycin, nalidixic acid, sulfonamide and trimethoprim. These antimicrobials are chosen to detect a wide range of determinants for resistance. The cut-off values identified by the FEEDAP Panel should be seen as a pragmatic response intended to introduce consistency in the separation of strains with acquired resistance from susceptible strains. These values are not intended for any purpose other than the assessment of microbial products for the possible presence of antimicrobial resistance. When a bacterial strain demonstrates higher resistance to a specific antimicrobial than the other strains of the same taxonomical unit, the presence of acquired resistance is indicated and additional information is needed on the genetic basis of the antimicrobial resistance. Any bacterial strain carrying an acquired resistance to antimicrobial that is shown to be due to the acquisition of genetic determinant presents the greatest potential for horizontal spread and should not be used as a feed additive.
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“The strains of E. coli not harboring pathogenic genes were tested for their sensitivity to antibiotics according to CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) M07 [65].”
From Selection, Comparative Genomics, and Potential Probiotic Features of Escherichia coli 5C, a pks-Negative Strain Isolated from Healthy Infant Donor Feces (2026) · cites this paper as [66]
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“MIC values were interpreted according to CLSI or EUCAST guidelines, consistent with EFSA recommendations16 for standardized MIC determination in antimicrobial susceptibility testing.17,18”
From Safety and efficacy concerns in Indian probiotics: Insights from whole-genome sequencing and in vitro assessment (2026) · cites this paper as [16]
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“(iii) antibiotic-sensitive according to the EFSA panel”
From Selection, Comparative Genomics, and Potential Probiotic Features of Escherichia coli 5C, a pks-Negative Strain Isolated from Healthy Infant Donor Feces (2026) · cites this paper as [66]
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Metadata
- Authors
- (FEEDAP), E. P. O. A. A. P. O. S. U. I. A. F.
- Corresponding author
- EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP)
- Venue
- EFSA Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 6
- ISSN
- 1831-4732 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4206302370
- Cited by
- 904
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 92 · 2022: 80 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 72 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 54.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- EFSA Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nd)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- OpenAgrar (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural safety and regulations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Microbiology (medical) › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Keywords
- antimicrobial resistance, feed additives, bacterial strain, minimum inhibitory concentration, acquired resistance, ampicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, apramycin, nalidixic acid, sulfonamides, trimethoprim
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