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Cited by 56Sleep and related disordersCircadian rhythm and melatoninSubstance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

Perceived morningness-eveningness predicts academic adjustment and substance use across university, but social jetlag is not to blame

Tavernier, Royette, Munroe, Melanie, Willoughby, Teena·2015·Chronobiology International
DOI 10.3109/07420528.2015.1085062
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Abstract

Past research has consistently found that evening-types typically report poorer academic adjustment and higher levels of substance use compared to morning-types. An important development within the morningness-eveningness and psychosocial adjustment literature has been the hypothesis that social jetlag (i.e. the asynchrony between an individual's "biological" and "social" clocks) is one factor that may explain why evening-types are at a greater risk for negative psychosocial adjustment. Yet, only a handful of studies have assessed social jetlag. Furthermore, the few studies that have assessed social jetlag have done so only with concurrent data, and thus have not been able to determine the direction of effects among morningness-eveningness, social jetlag and psychosocial adjustment. To address this important gap in the literature, the present 3-year longitudinal study employed the use of a cross-lagged auto-regressive model to specifically examine the predictive role of perceived morningness-eveningness and social jetlag on two important indices of psychosocial adjustment among university students: academic adjustment and substance use. We also assessed whether there would be an indirect effect between perceived morningness-eveningness and psychosocial adjustment through social jetlag. Participants were 942 (71.5% female; M = 19 years, SD = 0.90) undergraduates at a mid-sized university in Southern Ontario, Canada, who completed a survey at three assessments, each one year apart, beginning in first-year university. Measures were demographics (age, gender and parental education), sleep problems, perceived morningness-eveningness, social jetlag, academic adjustment and substance use. As hypothesized, results of path analyses indicated that a greater perceived eveningness preference significantly predicted higher social jetlag, poorer academic adjustment and higher substance use over time. In contrast, we found no support for social jetlag as a predictor of academic adjustment and substance use, indicating that social jetlag did not explain the link between perceived morningness-eveningness and negative psychosocial adjustment. An important finding was the significant predictive effect of higher substance use on social jetlag over time. Results of the present study highlight the importance of employing a longitudinal framework within which to specifically determine the direction of effects among the study variables in order to validate proposed theoretical models that aim to guide our understanding of how perceived morningness-eveningness, social jetlag, academic adjustment and substance use relate to each other.

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  • Recent prospective evidence suggests eveningness predicts increases in substance involvement, and not merely a consequence of staying up late because of substance use.

    “Recent prospective evidence suggests eveningness predicts increases in substance involvement, and not merely a consequence of staying up late because they are engaging in substance use (64,65).”

    From Impact of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms on Addiction Vulnerability in Adolescents (2018) · cites this paper as [64]

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Authors
Tavernier, R., Munroe, M., & Willoughby, T.
Affiliations
  • Northwestern University (US)
  • University of Toronto (CA)
  • Brock University (CA)
Corresponding author
Tavernier, Royette
ORCID
Venue
Chronobiology International
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2015-10-21
Volume
32
Issue
9
Pages
1233-1245
ISSN
  • 0742-0528 (ISSN-L)
  • 1525-6073
DOI
10.3109/07420528.2015.1085062
OpenAlex
W1856032224
Cited by
56
References
71
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2
FWCI
7.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Chronobiology International (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Keywords
chronotype, social jetlag, academic adjustment, substance use, university students, sleep disorders, psychosocial adjustment, longitudinal effects
MeSH terms
Alcohol Drinking in College, Activity Cycles, Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Marijuana Abuse, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Marijuana Smoking, Ontario, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Self Concept, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Social Behavior, Students, Time Factors, Universities, Wakefulness, Risk Assessment, Young Adult, Circadian Clocks

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