Diurnal Evening Type is Associated with Current Smoking, Nicotine Dependence and Nicotine Intake in the Population Based National FINRISK 2007 Study
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AIMS: To examine whether smoking habits, nicotine dependence (ND) and plasma cotinine levels differ by diurnal type. DESIGN: Data originated from the national FINRISK 2007 survey. Regression analyses were calculated to examine the association between diurnal type and smoking status, ND, and nicotine intake. PARTICIPANTS: 7091 FINRISK participants with smoking and diurnal type information and a subset of 1746 ever smokers with detailed smoking, and ND assessments. MEASUREMENTS: Diurnal type assessed with a six-item sum scale was categorized as morning, intermediate and evening type. Smoking status was determined as current (daily or occasional), former, and never smokers. ND was measured with the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC), and the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS). For current smokers, plasma cotinine was analyzed as biochemical measurement of nicotine intake. FINDINGS: Evening type was associated with current smoking (OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.40, 1.97). A significant association with diurnal type was seen for FTND among men (beta= -0.46, 95% CI -0.72, -0.21), sexes combined for HONC (beta= -0.31, 95% CI -0.52, -0.11) and NDSS (beta= -0.86, 95% CI -1.43, -0.29) and for cotinine among men (beta= -0.73, 95% CI -1.16, -0.29). Adjustment for depressive symptoms attenuated the association of diurnal type with NDSS to be non-significant. CONCLUSIONS: Diurnal type was associated with multiple ND measures and nicotine intake, interestingly more so among men. Evening type persons are at higher risk of dependence, but depressive symptoms attenuates this association clearly.
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Tobacco use is more prevalent among late chronotypes in adults.
“Tobacco use is more prevalent among late chronotypes in adults [34–36] and adolescents [37, 38].”
From Smoking, screen-based sedentary behavior, and diet associated with habitual sleep duration and chronotype: data from the UK Biobank (2016) · cites this paper as [35]
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How Tobacco and Cannabis Smoking Effects Human Physiology
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Epigenetic Profiling of Obesity and Smoking
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- Authors
- Broms, U., Pennanen, M., & Patja
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Broms, Ulla
- ORCID
- Patja,, Kristiina
- Venue
- Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy
- Publisher
- OMICS Publishing Group
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 01
- Issue
- S2
- ISSN
- 2155-6105 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3422076
- OpenAlex
- W2015177919
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R56DA012854, R01DA012854)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- evening chronotype, current smoking, nicotine dependence, nicotine use, plasma cotinine, depressive symptoms, sex differences
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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