Role of cytokines in atypical depression
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Atypical depression (AD) is considered a biologically and psychologically distinct subtype of depression. AD, contrary to melancholic depression (MD), may have different alteration in cytokine activity. AIMS: We aimed to investigate the differences of cytokine activity between AD patients and MD patients. Among psychiatric patients visited to the Psychiatry Department, Korea University Medical Center, 105 patients with major depression who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) criteria based on clinical interviews using a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV were recruited. Among 105 patients, 35 patients had atypical feature. We measured in vitro cytokines (interleukins) IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). RESULTS: Decreased IL-4 and increased IL-2 was observed in AD patients. IL-6 and TNF-α level of AD patients showed no difference from the controls. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to MD, AD has reversed vegetative symptoms, i.e. hypersomnia and hyperphagia. It is assumed that the phenotype difference between AD and MD might be related to Th1 cytokines (IL-2) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4) and not related to monocytic cytokines (IL-6, and TNF-α).
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Atypical depression has stronger links to peripheral and central inflammation.
“This form of depression has stronger links to peripheral [10,11] and central [12] inflammation.”
From The menace of obesity to depression and anxiety prevalence (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
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Moretto, U., & Palagini, L. (2019) · Handbook of behavioral neuroscience · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813743-7.00046-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Anxiety-depressive disorders in obese patients
Velychko, V. I., Lahoda, D. O., & Danylchuk, G. (2022) · Diabetes Obesity Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.57105/2415-7252-2022-5-03
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خصاونة, آ. ح. أ. (2022) · University of Sharjah (UoS) Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.36394/jhss/19/4/2
Sharma, S. D., Kaur, H., Kumar, A. J., Gandhi, D. N., Malhotra, V., Srinivasan, S., & Reddy, P. (2025) · International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20253213
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Atypical depression: state of the art and future perspectives
Ingrosso, G., & Cleare, A. J. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1928447
- Authors
- Yoon, H.-K., Kim, Y.-K., Lee, H.-J., Kwon, D.-Y., & Kim, L.
- Affiliations
- Korea University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Leen
- Venue
- Nordic Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2011-09-22
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 183-188
- ISSN
- 0029-1455 (ISSN-L)
- 0803-9488
- 1502-4725
- OpenAlex
- W2056755341
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nordic Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- atypical depression, endogenous depression, cytokines, interleukin-2, IL-4, interleukin-6, TNF-α, Th1/Th2 balance, major depressive disorder, hypersomnia, hyperphagia, depression subtypes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Interleukin-2, Korea, Male, Middle Aged, Monocytes, Sleep Wake Disorders, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-4, Interleukin-6, Cytokines, Th1 Cells, Th2 Cells, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult
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