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PreprintCited by 92Psychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlNeuroscience and Music Perception

Measuring Interoception: The Phase Adjustment Task

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Plans, David, Ponzo, Sonia, Bird, Geoff, Ring, Christopher, Morelli, Davide, Keating, Connor Tom, Murphy, Jennifer, Catmur, Caroline +1 more·2020·Biological Psychology
DOI 10.31234/osf.io/sa953
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Abstract

Background: Interoception, the perception of one’s internal bodily state, has been repeatedly linked to mental health, and atypical interoception proposed as a transdiagnostic risk factor. Despite the clinical importance of interoception, existing measures are suboptimal as they are susceptible to physiological and psychological confounds. Furthermore, existing measures are lab-based, limiting both scalability and accessibility.Methods: Here we describe a novel measure, the Phase Adjustment Task (PAT), administered via smartphone. During the task tones are presented at the participant’s heartrate (recorded via smartphone camera), but out of phase with heartbeats. Participants are required to adjust the phase relationship between tones and heartbeats until they are synchronous.Results: Data from 124 participants indicates both variance in performance across participants and that performance is not affected by physiological or strategic variables. Furthermore, results are consistent with previous data on the temporal characteristics of cardiac interoception. Conclusions: Given its validity, accessibility and scalability, the PAT task is suitable for large-scale clinical interoception research.

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  • The Phase Adjustment Task is quicker to complete than improved versions of the heartbeat discrimination task and allows participants to identify any delay between the tone and their heartbeat as synchronous, making it especially useful in clinical populations.

    “This task is quicker to complete than improved versions of the heartbeat discrimination task (such as the method of constant stimuli), and allows participants to identify any delay between the tone and their heartbeat as ‘synchronous’; meaning it both accounts for the individual differences in delay length perceived as synchronous that cause problems for standard versions of the heart beat”

    From Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review (2021) · cites this paper as Plans et al., 2020

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Authors
Plans, D., Ponzo, S., Bird, G., Ring, C., Morelli, D., Keating, C. T., Murphy, J., Catmur, C., & cairo, M.
Affiliations
  • University of Exeter (GB)
  • University of Birmingham (GB)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
  • Royal Holloway University of London (GB)
  • King's College London (GB)
Corresponding author
  • Plans, David
  • Ponzo, Sonia
ORCID
Venue
Biological Psychology
Publisher
Center for Open Science
Published
2020-10-22
Volume
165
Pages
108171-108171
ISSN
0301-0511 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.31234/osf.io/sa953
OpenAlex
W3187469182
Cited by
92
References
79
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1
FWCI
11.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Biological Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
  • PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/T022566/1)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
Keywords
interoception, heart rate, heartbeat synchronization, smartphone-based measurement, interoceptive accuracy, anxiety, depression, stress, mental health, test-retest stability, state effects
MeSH terms
Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Emotions, Heart Rate, Humans, Interoception

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Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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