Towards a psychophysics of interoceptive processes: the measurement of heartbeat detection
Open accessAbstract
It is difficult to collect objective evidence of interoception. Unlike exteroception, the effective stimuli for interoception are often unknown, and even when identifiable, they are difficult to control experimentally. Furthermore, direct stimulation of the interoceptors is seldom appropriate in human experimentation. Hence, non-invasive behavioural measures of accuracy in heartbeat detection have frequently been adopted to index interoceptive sensitivity. However, there has been little standardization and the two most popular methods for assessing heartbeat detection, heartbeat tracking and two alternative forced choice methods, appear to be biased and of questionable validity. These issues do not arise with other methods that are based on classical psychophysics and that enable subjects to indicate when during the cardiac cycle their heartbeat sensations occur. Not only are these classical methods highly reliable, but they also provide continuous unbiased measures of the temporal locations of heartbeat sensations and the precision with which these sensations are detected. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health’.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The HBD task is not considered a reliable indicator of cardioceptive accuracy.
“Indeed, the HBD task has received some criticism recently and is not considered to be a reliable indicator of cardioceptive accuracy (Brener and Ring, 2016).”
From Mindfulness, Interoception, and the Body: A Contemporary Perspective (2019) · cites this paper as Brener and Ring, 2016
The Conclusions (page unavailable) say heartbeat counting can classify people as detectors based on beliefs rather than heartbeat sensations, supporting criticism of that task as a measure of cardioceptive accuracy. But the Multi-Interval Tasks section describes other heartbeat-detection procedures as valid and reliable, so the paper does not support a blanket claim about the HBD task without specifying which procedure is meant. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe psychometric limitations of heartbeat detection tasks are widely appreciated.
“The psychometric limitations of heartbeat detection tasks are widely appreciated (Brener and Ring, 2016).”
From Physiological feelings (2019) · cites this paper as Brener and Ring, 2016
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe heartbeat counting task is strongly influenced by an individual's beliefs regarding their own or the average resting heart rate.
“The heartbeat counting task is also strongly influenced by an individual’s beliefs regarding their own or the average resting heart rate (Brener and Ring, 2016; Murphy, Millgate, et al., 2018; Ring and Brener, 1996; Ring et al., 2015; Windmann et al., 1999).”
From Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review (2021) · cites this paper as Brener and Ring, 2016
The extent to which beliefs about heartbeat affect interoceptive accuracy estimates in the heartbeat counting task may depend on the task instructions given.
“The extent to which beliefs about heart beat affect interoceptive accuracy estimates in the heartbeat counting task may depend on the task instructions given; whilst early instructions encouraged participants to ‘estimate’ if they could not feel their heartbeat (Brener and Ring, 2016; Schandry, 1981) more recent approaches advocate a response of zero in this instance (Murphy, Brewer, et al., 2018)”
From Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review (2021) · cites this paper as Brener and Ring, 2016
The heartbeat discrimination task requires a high number of trials to gain precise estimates of ability and may not be suitable for examining interoceptive accuracy at the lower range of ability.
“However, this task is not without limitations; for example, a high number of trials are required to gain precise estimates of ability (Kleckner et al., 2015), and concerns have been raised over the difficulty of this task, meaning that it may not be suitable for examining interoceptive accuracy at the lower range of ability (Brener and Ring, 2016).”
From Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review (2021) · cites this paper as Brener and Ring, 2016
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
How do you feel — now? The anterior insula and human awareness
(Bud) Craig, A. D. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2555 · Cited by 6,657 · see citing works
Neural systems supporting interoceptive awareness
Critchley, H. D., Wiens, S., Rotshtein, P., Öhman, A., & Dolan, R. J. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1176 · Cited by 3,406 · see citing works
Stevens, S. S. (1957) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0046162 · Cited by 3,388 · see citing works
Interoceptive inference, emotion, and the embodied self
Seth, A. K. (2013) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.09.007 · Cited by 1,816 · see citing works
Interoceptive predictions in the brain
Barrett, L. F., & Simmons, W. K. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3950 · Cited by 1,766 · see citing works
Knowing your own heart: Distinguishing interoceptive accuracy from interoceptive awareness
Garfinkel, S. N., Seth, A. K., Barrett, A. B., Suzuki, K., & Critchley, H. D. (2015) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.11.004 · Cited by 1,624 · see citing works
The Staircase-Method in Psychophysics
Cornsweet, T. N. (1962) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1419876 · Cited by 1,346 · see citing works
Heart beat perception and emotional experience
Schandry, R. (1981) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02486.x · Cited by 1,335 · see citing works
Psychophysics: The Fundamentals
Gescheider, G. A. (2015) · Cited by 1,281 · see citing works
Visceral influences on brain and behavior
Critchley, H. D., & Harrison, N. A. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.02.008 · Cited by 1,177 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Such conditioning provides routes through which interoception can participate in the regulation of everyday behaviours [2], and in recent years, research has examined its role in a broad range of affective and cognitive processes as well as in personality and psychological disorders [3].”
Principles of psychophysiology : physical, social, and inferential elements
Cacioppo, J. T., & Tassinary, L. G. (1990) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · Cited by 780 · see citing works
Interoception: The Inside Story—A Model for Psychosomatic Processes
Cameron, O. G. (2001) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200109000-00001 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Razran, G. (1961) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0039848 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Relation of heart rate control to heartbeat perception
Whitehead, W. E., Drescher, V. M., Heiman, P., & Blackwell, B. (1977) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/bf00998623 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Overlapping activity in anterior insula during interoception and emotional experience
Zaki, J., Davis, J. I., & Ochsner, K. N. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.05.012 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
The pathways of interoceptive awareness
Khalsa, S. S., Rudrauf, D., Feinstein, J. S., & Tranel, D. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2411 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
reconstructing the past: a century of ideas about emotion in psychology
Gendron, M., & Feldman Barrett, L. (2009) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073909338877 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Brain structures mediating cardiovascular arousal and interoceptive awareness
Pollatos, O., Schandry, R., Auer, D. P., & Kaufmann, C. (2007) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.026 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Ring, C., Brener, J., Knapp, K., & Mailloux, J. (2015) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.12.010 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Self-citationThe cerebral cortex and the internal organs
Bykov, K., & Gantt, W. H. (1957) · Foreign Languages Pub. House eBooks · Cited by 240 · see citing works
The cerebral cortex and the internal organs
Weiss, B. (1958) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(58)90205-4 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Goffman, I. W., & Doob, L. W. (1973) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2062120 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Enhanced cardiac perception is associated with benefits in decision‐making
Werner, N. S., Jung, K., Duschek, S., & Schandry, R. (2009) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00855.x · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Efron, R. (1967) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1967.tb55017.x · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Bolus isoproterenol infusions provide a reliable method for assessing interoceptive awareness
Khalsa, S. S., Rudrauf, D., Sandesara, C., Olshansky, B., & Tranel, D. (2009) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.08.010 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Influence of beliefs about heart rate and actual heart rate on heartbeat counting
RING, C., & BRENER, J. (1996) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1996.tb02430.x · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Self-citationHeartbeat detection: judgments of the simultaneity of external stimuli and heartbeats
Brener, J., & Kluvitse, C. (1988) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1988.tb01891.x · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citationCanales-Johnson, A., Silva, C., Huepe, D., Rivera-Rei, Á., Noreika, V., Garcia, M. D. C., Silva, W., Ciraolo, C., Vaucheret, E., Sedeño, L., et al. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhv076 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Katkin, E. S., Blascovich, J., & Goldband, S. (1981) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.40.6.1095 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Sedeño, L., Couto, B., Melloni, M., Canales‐Johnson, A., Yoris, A., Báez, S., Esteves, S., Toledo, M. M. V., Barttfeld, P., Sigman, M., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098769 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Heart Rate Perception and Heart Rate Control
McFarland, R. A. (1975) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00011.x · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Schulz, A., Lass-Hennemann, J., Sütterlin, S., Schächinger, H., & Vögele, C. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.01.007 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Emotional processing and emotional memory are modulated by interoceptive awareness
Pollatos, O., & Schandry, R. (2008) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930701357535 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Methodological recommendations for a heartbeat detection-based measure of interoceptive sensitivity
Kleckner, I. R., Wormwood, J. B., Simmons, W. K., Barrett, L. F., & Quigley, K. S. (2015) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12503 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Heart Beat Perception in Patients with Depressive, Somatoform, and Personality Disorders
Mussgay, L., Klinkenberg, N., & Rüddel, H. (1999) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027//0269-8803.13.1.27 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
HARVER, A., KATKIN, E. S., & BLOCH, E. (1993) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1993.tb03347.x · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Hart, N., McGowan, J. F., Minati, L., & Critchley, H. (2012) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2012_26_049 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Brener, J. M., LIU, X., & Ring, C. (1993) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1993.tb02091.x · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationQuadratic trend analysis and heartbeat detection
Wiens, S., & Palmer, S. N. (2001) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(01)00110-7 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
A Comparison between Two Methods for Assessing Heartbeat Perception
Knoll, J. F., & Hodapp, V. (1992) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1992.tb01689.x · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Interoceptive discrimination in intact humans: Detection of cardiac activity
Brener, J. M., & Jones, J. M. (1974) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(74)90259-5 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationPhillips, G. C., Jones, G. E., Rieger, E. J., & Snell, J. B. (1999) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1017/s0048577299980071 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Dissociating beliefs about heart rates and actual heart rates in patients with cardiac pacemakers
Windmann, S., Schonecke, O. W., Fröhlig, G., & Maldener, G. (1999) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1017/s0048577299980381 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Accuracy and awareness of perception: Related, yet distinct (commentary on Herbert et al., 2012)
Ceunen, E., Diest, I. V., & Vlaeyen, J. W. S. (2012) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.09.012 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Heartfelt imitation: high interoceptive awareness is linked to greater automatic imitation
Ainley, V., Brass, M., & Tsakiris, M. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.05.010 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Dale, A., & Anderson, D. (1978) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1978.47.1.79 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Visceral perception versus visceral detection: Disentangling methods and assumptions
Pennebaker, J. W., & Hoover, C. W. (1984) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/bf00998977 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Somatosensory Amplification and Its Relationship to Heartbeat Detection Ability
Mailloux, J., & Brener, J. M. (2002) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200203000-00020 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationHeart beat interoception: A study of individual differences
Ludwick-Rosenthal, R., & Neufeld, R. W. J. (1985) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/0167-8760(85)90020-0 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Implicit memory for emotional words is modulated by cardiac perception
Werner, N. S., Peres, I., Duschek, S., & Schandry, R. (2010) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.08.008 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Detection of the Heartbeat and Events in the Cardiac Cycle
Yates, A. J., Jones, K. E., Marie, G. V., & Hogben, J. H. (1985) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1985.tb01651.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Accurate awareness of heartbeat in hypochondriacal and non-hypochondriacal patients
BARSKY, A. J., Brener, J. M., Coeytaux, R. R., & Cleary, P. D. (1995) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(94)00166-3 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Temporal Locations of Heartbeat Sensations
Ring, C., & Brener, J. (1992) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1992.tb02027.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationvan Elk, M., Lenggenhager, B., Heydrich, L., & Blanke, O. (2014) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.03.004 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Couto, B., Adolfi, F., Sedeño, L., Salles, A., Canales-Johnson, A., Alvarez-Abut, P., Garcia-Cordero, I., Pietto, M., Bekinschtein, T., Sigman, M., et al. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00503 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Brener, J. M. (1977) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2526-0_15 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationIndividual Differences in Cortical Evoked Potentials as a Function of Heartbeat Detection Ability
Katkin, E. S., Cestaro, V. L., & Weitkunat, R. (1991) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207459108990745 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Ainley, V., Maister, L., & Tsakiris, M. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00554 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Palpitations and Cardiac Awareness After Heart Transplantation
BARSKY, A. J., Ahern, D. K., Brener, J. M., Surman, O. S., Ring, C., & DEC, G. W. (1998) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199809000-00007 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationKNAPP, K., RING, C., & BRENER, J. (1997) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02391.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationCardiac stimulus intensity and heartbeat detection: Effects of tilt‐induced changes in stroke volume
Ring, C., Liu, X., & Brener, J. M. (1994) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1994.tb02348.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationRoss, A., & Brener, J. M. (1981) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb01544.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationHeartbeat and arrhythmia perception in diabetic autonomic neuropathy
Pauli, P., Hartl, L., Marquardt, C., Stalmann, H., & Strian, F. (1991) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700020523 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
On the Validity of Heartbeat Tracking Tasks
Flynn, D. M., & Clemens, W. J. (1988) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1988.tb00965.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
A test of the validity of the method of constant stimuli as an index of heartbeat detection.
Schneider, T. R., Ring, C., & Katkin, E. S. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationTemporal Arrangement of Signals in Heartbeat Discrimination Procedures
Clemens, W. J. (1984) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb00202.x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
A test of the validity of the method of constant stimuli as an index of heartbeat detection
Schneider, T. R., Ring, C., & Katkin, E. S. (1998) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3510086 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationHeart rate perception and the voluntary control of heart rate
Carroll, D., & Whellock, J. (1980) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(80)90053-8 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Davis, M. R., Langer, A. W., Sutterer, J. R., et al. (1986) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00598.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Wildman, H. E., & Jones, G. E. (1982) · Psychophysiology · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Effects of data limitations on heartbeat detection in the method of constant stimuli
Brener, J. M., Ring, C., & LIU, X. (1994) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1994.tb02219.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationCardiac perception and the voluntary control of heart rate
Gannon, L. R. (1980) · Physiological Psychology · doi:10.3758/bf03326485 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Heart rate perception in the Type A personality.
Essau, C. A., & Jamieson, J. (1987) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.6.1.43 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Cardiac self-perception in obese and normal persons.
Rm, G., Ja, M., Dn, W., et al. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The development of voluntary cardiovascular control
Kleinman, R. A. (1970) · Cited by 10 · see citing works
STUDIES OF SELF-REGULATION OF INTERNAL ACTIVITY
Hamano, K. (1980) · Japanese Psychological Research · doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.22.168 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The nicotine paradox: Effect of smoking on autonomic discrimination
Lombardo, T. W., & Epstein, L. H. (1986) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(86)90061-4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Patterson, J., Pratt, H., Michalewski, H. J., & Starr, A. (1988) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Heart rate perception in the Type A personality.
Essau, C. A., & Jamieson, J. (1987) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.6.1.43 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Discrimination of cardiac activity
Kluvitse, C. D. (1987) · Repository@Hull (Worktribe) (University of Hull) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The effect of cardiac detection upon heart rate control
Hamano, K. (1982) · Japanese Psychological Research · doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.24.118 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 18
- [1]1. Razran G. The Observable Unconscious and the Inferable Conscious in Current Soviet Psychophysiology. Psychological Review. 1961;68(2):81-147.
- [35]35. Carroll D, Whellock J. Heart rate perception and voluntary control of heart rate. Biological Psychology. 1980;11:169-80.
- [37]37. Schandry R, Specht G. The influence of psychological and physical stress on the perception of heartbeats. Psychophysiology. 1981;18:154 (abstract).
- [42]42. Bestler M, Weitkunat R, Keller W, Schandry R. Heartbeat perception and body position. Journal of Psychophysiology. 1988;2:123 (Abstract).
- [47]47. Ludwick-Rosenthal R, Neufeld RWJ. Heartbeat interoception: A study of individual differences. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 1985;3:57-65.
- [55]55. Katkin ES, Blascovich J, Reed SD, Adamec J, Jones J, Taublieb A. The effect of psychologically induced arousal on accuracy of heartbeat self-perception. Psychophysiology. 1982;19:568 (Abstract).
- [57]57. Brener J, Jones JM. Interoceptive Discrimination in Intact Humans. Physiology and Behavior. 1974;13:763-7.
- [58]58. Ross A, Brener J. Two Procedures for Training Cardiac Discrimination. Psychophysiology. 1981;18(1):62-70.
- [59]59. Katkin ES, Reed SD, DeRoo C. A methodological analysis of three techniques for the assessment of individual differences in heartbeat detection. Psychophysiology. 1983;20:452 (Abstract).
- [60]60. Hantas M, Katkin ES, Blascovich J. Relationship between heartbeat discrimination and subjective experience of affective state. Psychophysiology. 1982;19:563 (Abstract).
- [62]62. Stormer SW, Heiligtag U, Knoll JF. Heartbeat detection and knowledge of results: A new method and some theoretical thoughts. Journal of Psychophysiology. 1989;3:409-17.
- [63]63. Okifuji A, Harver A, Katkin ES, Reed SD. Heartbeat perception: Assessment, symptoms, and anxiety. Psychophysiology. 1988;25:473 (Abstract).
- [64]64. Brener J, Ring C. Sensory and perceptual factors in heartbeat detection. In: Schandry DVR, editor. Interoception and cardiovascular processes. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 1995.
- [68]68. Clemens WJ, Guethlein WG, Katkin ES. Heart Beat detection and ear bias. Psychophysiology. 1988;25:440 (Abstract).
- [69]69. Harver A, Katkin ES, Bloch E. Comparison of heartbeat and respiratory sensation among male and female subjects. Psychophysiology. 1988;26:S22 (Abstract).
- [77]77. Ferguson ML, Fernquist SK, Harver A, Katkin ES. Validation of a "preferred interval" heartbeat detection task. Psychophysiology. 1989;26:S22 (Abstract).
- [80]80. Bessette PR, Scully BM, Jones GE. Test-retest reliability of the Brener-Kluvitse HB perception paradigm. Psychophysiology. 1991;28:S12 (Abstract).
- [84]84. Brener J, Kluvitse C. Temporal location of S+ and S-signals in the Whitehead heartbeat discrimination procedure. Psychophysiology. 1988;25:436-7 (Abstract).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Critchley, H. D., & Garfinkel, S. N. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.04.020 · Cited by 899 · see citing works
Chen, W. G., Schloesser, D., Arensdorf, A. M., Simmons, J. M., Cui, C., Valentino, R., Gnadt, J. W., Nielsen, L., Hillaire-Clarke, C. S., Spruance, V., et al. (2021) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.007 · Cited by 707 · see citing works
Visceral Signals Shape Brain Dynamics and Cognition
Azzalini, D., Rebollo, I., & Tallon-Baudry, C. (2019) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2019.03.007 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect cognition and mental health
Tsakiris, M., & Critchley, H. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0002 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Zamariola, G., Maurage, P., Luminet, O., & Corneille, O. (2018) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.06.006 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Towards a comprehensive assessment of interoception in a multi-dimensional framework
Suksasilp, C., & Garfinkel, S. N. (2022) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108262 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Coupling Inner and Outer Body for Self-Consciousness
Park, H.-D., & Blanke, O. (2019) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2019.02.002 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Coll, M.-P., Hobson, H., Bird, G., & Murphy, J. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.012 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Mindfulness, Interoception, and the Body: A Contemporary Perspective
Gibson, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02012 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Focus of attention modulates the heartbeat evoked potential
Petzschner, F. H., Weber, L. A., Wellstein, K. V., Paolini, G., Do, C. T., & Stephan, K. E. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.037 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Testing the independence of self-reported interoceptive accuracy and attention
Murphy, J., Brewer, R., Plans, D., Khalsa, S. S., Catmur, C., & Bird, G. (2020) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/1747021819879826 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Pace-Schott, E. F., Amole, M. C., Aue, T., Balconi, M., Bylsma, L. M., Critchley, H., Demaree, H. A., Friedman, B. H., Gooding, A. E. K., Gosseries, O., et al. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.002 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
“The psychometric limitations of heartbeat detection tasks are widely appreciated (Brener and Ring, 2016).”
Interoceptive rhythms in the brain
Engelen, T., Solcà, M., & Tallon-Baudry, C. (2023) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-023-01425-1 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Anterior insular cortex plays a critical role in interoceptive attention
Wang, X., Wu, Q., Egan, L., Gu, X., Liu, P., Gu, H., Yang, Y., Luo, J., Wu, Y., Gao, Z., et al. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.42265 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Interoceptive pathways to understand and treat mental health conditions
Nord, C. L., & Garfinkel, S. N. (2022) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2022.03.004 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Murphy, J., Brewer, R., Hobson, H., Catmur, C., & Bird, G. (2018) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.05.010 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review
Brewer, R., Murphy, J., & Bird, G. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.036 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
The feeling of Me feeling for you: interoception, alexithymia and empathy in autism
Mul, C.-L., Stagg, S. D., Herbelin, B., & Aspell, J. E. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3564-3 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Desmedt, O., Corneille, O., Luminet, O., Murphy, J., Bird, G., & Maurage, P. (2020) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107904 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
The relationship between mindfulness and objective measures of body awareness: A meta-analysis
Treves, I. N., Tello, L. Y., Davidson, R. J., & Goldberg, S. B. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53978-6 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Interoception primes emotional processing: multimodal evidence from neurodegeneration
Salamone, P. C., Legaz, A., Sedeño, L., Moguilner, S., Fraile-Vazquez, M., Campo, C. G., Fittipaldi, S., Yoris, A., Miranda, M., Birba, A., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2578-20.2021 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Ainley, V., Tsakiris, M., Pollatos, O., Schulz, A., & Herbert, B. M. (2020) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107870 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
A multidimensional and multi-feature framework for cardiac interoception
Fittipaldi, S., Abrevaya, S., Fuente, A. D. L., Pascariello, G. O., Hesse, E., Birba, A., Salamone, P., Hildebrandt, M., Martí, S. A., Pautassi, R. M., et al. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116677 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The relationship between heartbeat counting and heartbeat discrimination: A meta-analysis
Hickman, L., Seyedsalehi, A., Cook, J. L., Bird, G., & Murphy, J. (2020) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107949 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Pang, J., Tang, X., Li, H., Hu, Q., Cui, H., Zhang, L., Li, W., Zhu, Z., Wang, J., & Li, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00616 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Desmedt, O., Luminet, O., Maurage, P., & Corneille, O. (2025) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916231191537 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Interoception is Impaired in Children, But Not Adults, with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Nicholson, T., Williams, D., Carpenter, K., & Kallitsounaki, A. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04079-w · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Sensory processing in autism across exteroceptive and interoceptive domains.
Proff, I., Williams, G. L., Quadt, L., & Garfinkel, S. N. (2022) · Psychology & Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/pne0000262 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The impact of a brief mindfulness training on interoception: A randomized controlled trial
Lima-Araujo, G. L. D., de Sousa Júnior, G. M., Mendes, T., Demarzo, M., Farb, N., Barros de Araujo, D., & Sousa, M. B. C. D. (2022) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0273864 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Interoceptive impairments do not lie at the heart of autism or alexithymia
Nicholson, T. M., Williams, D. M., Grainger, C., Christensen, J. F., Calvo-Merino, B., & Gaigg, S. B. (2018) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000370 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Dimensions of interoception predict premonitory urges and tic severity in Tourette syndrome
Rae, C. L., Larsson, D. E. O., Garfinkel, S. N., & Critchley, H. D. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.036 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Banellis, L., & Cruse, D. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex Communications · doi:10.1093/texcom/tgaa060 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Time is body: multimodal evidence of crosstalk between interoception and time estimation
Richter, F., & Ibáñez, A. (2021) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108017 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Aaron, R. V., Blain, S. D., Snodgress, M. A., & Park, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00132 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Abrevaya, S., Fittipaldi, S., García, A. M., Dottori, M., Santamaria-Garcia, H., Birba, A., Yoris, A., Hildebrandt, M. K., Salamone, P., De la Fuente, A., et al. (2020) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000868 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Functional neuroanatomy of interoceptive processing in children and adolescents: a pilot study
Klabunde, M., Juszczak, H., Jordan, T., Baker, J. M., Bruno, J., Carrion, V., & Reiss, A. L. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-52776-4 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
- Authors
- Brener, J., & Ring, C.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Brener, Jasper
- ORCID
- Ring, Christopher
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2016-11-19
- Volume
- 371
- Issue
- 1708
- Pages
- 20160015
- ISSN
- 0962-8436 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-2970
- PMC
- PMC5062103
- OpenAlex
- W2530956655
- Semantic Scholar
- 71ff98c0e74d08f9a589b98276ed0fc0e7ea7a1c
- Cited by
- 307
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 2.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Florida State University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Keywords
- interoception, heartbeat detection, interoceptive sensitivity, psychophysics, cardiac cycle, measurement bias, interoceptive accuracy
- MeSH terms
- Awareness, Heart Rate, Humans, Psychophysics, Interoception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
