Neuroimaging in anxiety disorders
Open accessAbstract
Over the last few years, neuroimaging techniques have contributed greatly to the identification of the structural and functional neuroanatomy of anxiety disorders. The amygdala seems to be a crucial structure for fear and anxiety, and has consistently been found to be activated in anxiety-provoking situations. Apart from the amygdala, the insula and anterior cinguiate cortex seem to be critical, and ail three have been referred to as the "fear network." In the present article, we review the main findings from three major lines of research. First, we examine human models of anxiety disorders, including fear conditioning studies and investigations of experimentally induced panic attacks. Then we turn to research in patients with anxiety disorders and take a dose look at post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Finally, we review neuroimaging studies investigating neural correlates of successful treatment of anxiety, focusing on exposure-based therapy and several pharmacological treatment options, as well as combinations of both.
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Hyperactivity within the insula, amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex occurs during anxiety symptom provocation.
“and occurs during anxiety symptom provocation (Holzschneider and Mulert, 2011).”
From Neuroimaging and psychophysiological investigation of the link between anxiety, enhanced affective reactivity and interoception in people with joint hypermobility (2014) · cites this paper as Holzschneider and Mulert, 2011
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- Authors
- Holzschneider, K., & Mulert, C.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Mulert, Christoph
- ORCID
- Mulert, Christoph
- Venue
- Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2011-12-31
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 453-461
- ISSN
- 1294-8322 (ISSN-L)
- 1958-5969
- PMC
- PMC3263392
- OpenAlex
- W4298412747
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 14.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- anxiety disorders, amygdala, fear network, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, fear conditioning, panic attacks, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, exposure therapy, pharmacological treatment of anxiety
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Anxiety Disorders, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Positron-Emission Tomography
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